Gini index by racial groups in the United States

Using regression analysis and calculus, economists measure the income concentration of a population by way of a metric known as a Gini index. A Gini index is a number ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates perfect income equality in the measured population and 1 indicates perfect inequality in the measured population. In order to compute a Gini index, we draw a graph that plots the bottom x percent of income earners in a population against the percent of the income (from all available income) that the group has earned. Unlike other Gini index studies, we compute a Gini index in which we omit the top 5% of income earners in each population. As a result, our study considers income distribution in the bulk of a population without the skewed effect of high-income outliers. In addition, our study further differs from other Gini index studies because we compute Gini indexes for subsets of the United States populations by race including: Whites, non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. All of our data hails from the United States Census Bureau. Some questions that this study answers are: how successful are individual racial groups in the United States in achieving income equality? Are some racial groups faring better than others in achieving income equality? By understanding how race affects income distribution, we may inform public policy experts who are in a position to affect positive change in regard to income equality. (Author abstract)Sherwood, R. (2015). Gini index by racial groups in the United States. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.ed

Supporting eLearners by increasing Digital Literacy Skills in Healthcare Educators

This paper presents a case study detailing the authors involvement in a teacher training module designed to improve healthcare educators scope for delivering e-learning elements within their curricula. The best method for enhancing teacher understanding of how students experience learning in the online environment is by first allowing teachers to experience the process themselves from a student perspective. It is proposed that such exposure will allow teachers to gain greater insight into the potential benefits and pitfalls of online delivery and apply the knowledge gained to their own practice. Teachers from a wide range of healthcare specialities engaged in discussion forums and gained practice in new and varied methods of e-learning, discovering how they could be blended with traditional classroom based delivery to achieve a diverse range of learning outcomes. It was found that the inter-disciplinary representation on the module created a potent mix of experience and viewpoints that greatly contributed to the overall learning environment. The cohort of 12 included adult and children branch nursing (hospital and community based), midwifery, allied health, and a member of the e-learning support team

Supporting eLearners by increasing Digital Literacy Skills in Healthcare Educators

This paper presents a case study detailing the authors involvement in a teacher training module designed to improve healthcare educators scope for delivering e-learning elements within their curricula. The best method for enhancing teacher understanding of how students experience learning in the online environment is by first allowing teachers to experience the process themselves from a student perspective. It is proposed that such exposure will allow teachers to gain greater insight into the potential benefits and pitfalls of online delivery and apply the knowledge gained to their own practice. Teachers from a wide range of healthcare specialities engaged in discussion forums and gained practice in new and varied methods of e-learning, discovering how they could be blended with traditional classroom based delivery to achieve a diverse range of learning outcomes. It was found that the inter-disciplinary representation on the module created a potent mix of experience and viewpoints that greatly contributed to the overall learning environment. The cohort of 12 included adult and children branch nursing (hospital and community based), midwifery, allied health, and a member of the e-learning support team

The Effect of the Copy Number of the Telomerase RNA Gene on the Elongation of Telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Thesis advisor: Clare O'ConnorTelomeres are repeated sequences at the ends of chromosomes, which promote chromosome stability by preventing the loss of necessary nucleotides from the DNA with successive rounds of replication. Telomeres are elongated by the enzyme telomerase, which has both a protein component and an RNA component. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TLC1 gene encodes the RNA component of the enzyme. Telomerase RNA interacts with several proteins to perform its function, including the Ku protein, which binds to the end of the DNA and helps to recruit telomerase to the chromosome thereby facilitating the lengthening of chromosome ends. Ku interacts with telomerase RNA at the site of a 48-nucleotide stem-loop on the RNA's structure. Previous experiments have shown that yeast strains engineered to carry two copies of the TLCI gene exhibit higher levels of telomerase RNA than those that have only one copy of the gene. Also, a yeast strain carrying a copy of the mutant tlc1Δ48 gene, which contains a deletion of the 48-nucleotide stem-loop, contains lower levels of telomerase RNA than a strain with the wild type TLC1 gene. This series of experiments is investigating whether the copy number of the telomerase RNA gene affects the elongation of telomeres in S. cerevisiae. In order to determine this effect, the de novo telomere addition of four strains was examined, as were the native telomere lengths of these strains. The assay indicated that the efficiency of telomere elongation was unchanged by increasing the copy number of the wild type gene but was increased upon increasing the copy number of the mutant gene. Analysis of the native telomere lengths showed that increasing the copy number of either the wild type or the mutant gene allowed the cells to maintain their telomeres at a longer length.Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2008.Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences.Discipline: Biology.Discipline: College Honors Program

An Overview of Guam's Inshore Fisheries

Guam's nearshore reef fishery is a multi-gear, multispecies fishery that has undergone major changes through the years. Methods have evolved and become more modern. This, along with the changing economic status of Guam, has severely stressed the fishery. Top targeted species are being overexploited and "growth overharvesting" is occurring; the more serious form of "recruitment overharvesting," is happening to some of the key species. Major management concerns are discussed with respect to overfishing and habitat destruction. Management recommendations for this fishery include gear restrictions, size restrictions, and the establishment of marine conservation areas

An Autonomous Earth Observing Sensorweb

We describe a network of sensors linked by software and the internet to an autonomous satellite observation response capability. This system of systems is designed with a flexible, modular, architecture to facilitate expansion in sensors, customization of trigger conditions, and customization of responses. This system has been used to implement a global surveillance program of science phenomena including: volcanoes, flooding, cryosphere events, and atmospheric phenomena. In this paper we describe the importance of the earth observing sensorweb application as well as overall architecture for the network

The TechSat 21 Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment

Software has been developed to perform a number of functions essential to autonomous operation in the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE), which is scheduled to be demonstrated aboard a constellation of three spacecraft, denoted TechSat 21, to be launched by the Air Force into orbit around the Earth in January 2006. A prior version of this software was reported in Software for an Autonomous Constellation of Satellites (NPO-30355), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 26, No. 11 (November 2002), page 44. The software includes the following components: Algorithms to analyze image data, generate scientific data products, and detect conditions, features, and events of potential scientific interest; A program that uses component-based computational models of hardware to analyze anomalous situations and to generate novel command sequences, including (when possible) commands to repair components diagnosed as faulty; A robust-execution-management component that uses the Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) software to enable event-driven processing and low-level autonomy; and The Continuous Activity Scheduling, Planning, Execution, and Replanning (CASPER) program for replanning activities, including downlink sessions, on the basis of scientific observations performed during previous orbit cycles

Identifying the needs of brain tumor patients and their caregivers

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of brain tumor patients and their caregivers to provide improved health services to these populations. Two different questionnaires were designed for patients and caregivers. Both questionnaires contained questions pertaining to three realms: disease symptoms/treatment, health care provider, daily living/finances. The caregivers’ questionnaires contained an additional domain on emotional needs. Each question was evaluated for the degree of importance and satisfaction. Exploratory analyses determined whether baseline characteristics affect responder importance or satisfaction. Also, areas of high agreement/disagreement in satisfaction between the participating patient-caregiver pairs were identified. Questions for which >50% of the patients and caregivers thought were “very important” but >30% were dissatisfied include: understanding the cause of brain tumors, dealing with patients’ lower energy, identifying healthful foods and activities for patients, telephone access to health care providers, information on medical insurance coverage, and support from their employer. In the emotional realm, caregivers identified 9 out of 10 items as important but need further improvement. Areas of high disagreement in satisfaction between participating patient-caregiver pairs include: getting help with household chores (P value = 0.006) and finding time for personal needs (P value < 0.001). This study provides insights into areas to improve services for brain tumor patients and their caregivers. The caregivers’ highest amount of burden is placed on their emotional needs, emphasizing the importance of providing appropriate medical and psychosocial support for caregivers to cope with emotional difficulties they face during the patients’ treatment process

Integrated System for Autonomous Science

The New Millennium Program Space Technology 6 Project Autonomous Sciencecraft software implements an integrated system for autonomous planning and execution of scientific, engineering, and spacecraft-coordination actions. A prior version of this software was reported in "The TechSat 21 Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment" (NPO-30784), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 3 (March 2004), page 33. This software is now in continuous use aboard the Earth Orbiter 1 (EO-1) spacecraft mission and is being adapted for use in the Mars Odyssey and Mars Exploration Rovers missions. This software enables EO-1 to detect and respond to such events of scientific interest as volcanic activity, flooding, and freezing and thawing of water. It uses classification algorithms to analyze imagery onboard to detect changes, including events of scientific interest. Detection of such events triggers acquisition of follow-up imagery. The mission-planning component of the software develops a response plan that accounts for visibility of targets and operational constraints. The plan is then executed under control by a task-execution component of the software that is capable of responding to anomalies