Propagación de estacas y concentración de taninos y flavonoides en hojas de dos procedencias de Ugni molinae de la región del Maule (Chile)

Doll, U (reprint author), Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Casilla 721-747, Talca, Chile.The high content of active compounds with antioxidant power found in Ugni molinae leaves, an understory shrub of native forests, caused a search for promising material for cultivation. The aims of this study were to determine the rooting capacity of cuttings of two provenances from the northern distribution limit of the species, and the effect of sun exposure and leaf age on tannin and flavonoid concentration. The rooting trial was carried out in a warm rooting-bed over cuttings coming from 10 mother plants of each provenance. After three months, more than 70% of cuttings rooted; Cordillera de Los Andes provenance outdid Cordillera de la Costa provenance. The application of rooting hormone at the base of cuttings significantly improved the share of successful rooting and the quality of roots formed. Leaves of five sun plants and five shadow plants were collected from each provenance for quantification of active compounds. Sun leaves show higher flavonoid concentration than did shadow leaves in both provenances. Cordillera de los Andes sun leaves contain more tannin than that contained by shadow leaves of the same provenance. Leaf age has no impact on the concentration of active compounds

Concentrations of total phenols and antioxidant activity in apple do not differ between conventional and organic orchard Management

Reprint Address: Yuri, JA (reprint author), Talca Univ, Agr Sci Fac, Pomaceas Ctr, Talca, Chile.The apple is one of the most widely consumed fresh fruits in the world. It constitutes a major contribution of phytochemical compounds to the diet, which are associated with a reduced risk to develop degenerative diseases. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conventional and organic management of apple cultivation, the stage of development and sunburn damage on polyphenol concentrations, antioxidant activity and pigments in three apple cultivars. Two experiments were carried out during the 2009/2010 season to study (1) the effect of the type of management and the development stage of the fruit during the season on the concentration and content of total and specific phenolics, antioxidant activity in the whole fruit, and pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins) in the peel of cvs. Gala (Galaxy and Brookfield), Granny Smith and Fuji (Raku Raku and Stripped) and (2) the effect of the type of management and the presence of sunburn at harvest on phenolics concentrations and antioxidant activity in both the whole fruit and peel, as well as pigments in peel, in two cultivars. Phenolics concentrations and antioxidant activity increased in the First weeks of fruit development and then decreased until harvest. The concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids tended to decrease throughout the season, while anthocyanin concentration increased. In the case of tissue damaged by sunburn, phenolics concentrations and antioxidant activity were higher in damaged fruit, while changes in pigment concentrations varied according to the cultivar. The practices of conventional and organic management did neither influence significantly phenolics and pigments concentrations and antioxidant activity, except at certain stages of fruit development

<em>Micromonospora parastrephiae</em> sp. nov. and <em>Micromonospora tarensis</em> sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of a <em>Parastrephia quadrangularis</em> plant growing in the Salar de Tara region of the Central Andes in Chile

\ua9 2023 The Authors. Two novel Micromonospora strains, STR1-7T and STR1S-6T, were isolated from the rhizosphere of a Parastrephia quadran-gularis plant growing in the Salar de Tara region of the Atacama Desert, Chile. Chemotaxonomic, cultural and phenotypic features confirmed that the isolates belonged to the genus Micromonospora. They grew from 20 to 37 \ub0C, from pH7 to 8 and in the presence of up to 3 %, w/v NaCl. The isolates formed distinct branches in Micromonospora gene trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and on a multi-locus sequence analysis of conserved house-keeping genes. A phylogenomic tree generated from the draft genomes of the isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbours showed that isolate STR1-7T is most closely related to Micromonospora orduensis S2509T, and isolate STR1S-6T forms a distinct branch that is most closely related to 12 validly named Micromonospora species, including Micromonospora saelicesensis the earliest proposed member of the group. The isolates were separated from one another and from their closest phylogenomic neighbours using a combination of chemo-taxonomic, genomic and phenotypic features, and by low average nucleotide index and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values. Consequently, it is proposed that isolates STR1-7T and STR1S-6T be recognized as representing new species in the genus Micromonospora, namely as Micromonospora parastrephiae sp. nov. and Micromonospora tarensis sp. nov.; the type strains are STR1-7T (=CECT 9665T=LMG 30768T) and STR1S-6T (=CECT 9666T=LMG 30770T), respectively. Genome mining showed that the isolates have the capacity to produce novel specialized metabolites, notably antibiotics and compounds that promote plant growth, as well as a broad-range of stress-related genes that provide an insight into how they cope with harsh abiotic conditions that prevail in high-altitude Atacama Desert soils

Activity of solidagenone and their semisynthetic derivatives on the glucocorticoid-mediated signal transduction

Razmilic, I.; Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. Instituto de Quimica de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, CHILI.The labdane diterpene solidagenone and four semisynthetic derivatives were assessed for effects on the glucocorticoid-mediated signal transduction. Solidagenone and the derivatives proved to be active with IC[50] values between 1 and 25 μg/mL. All compounds were cytotoxic towards L 1210, BHK and COS 7 cells with IC[50] from 10-100 μg/mL

Variación de compuestos químicos en hojas de poblaciones de Drimys spp. (Magnoliophyta: Winteraceae) en Chile

Vogel, H. Departamento de Horticultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. Razmilic, I.Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, ChileCanelo (Drimys winteri) is a Chilean native tree with medicinal properties and sacred to mapuche people. This species contains chemical compounds with biological activity such as: essential oils, terpenes and flavonoids, which were quantified in leaves of five D. winteri and one D. andina populations by hydrodistillation (essential oils), hexane Soxhlet extraction (terpenes), and spectrophotometry (flavonoids). Mean concentrations of 0.5 mL 100 g(-1) for essential oils, 7.1 % for terpenes and 1.8 % for flavonoids in leaves (dry mass) were determined. Despite the great variation found, significant differences among populations were detected in concentrations of all groups of chemical compounds studied. Populations from the central region of Chile presented the highest values of essential oils (0.68 mL 100 g(-1) in Huerta de Maule population). terpenes, and flavonoids (9.47 and 2.37 %, respectively, both in the Pangal population). The Southernmost population, located in Chiloe Island, showed the lowest values for the three groups of compounds: 0.22 mL 100 g(-1) for essential oils, 3.36 % for terpenes and 1.21 % for flavonoids. D. winteri and D. andina populations from the IX region, geographically close to each other, had different concentrations of essential oils and flavonoids. It is concluded that different Drimys populations actually contain different quantities of essential oils, terpenes, and flavonoids

Boldo (Peumus boldus) cultivated under different light conditions, soil humidity and plantation density

Vogel, H (reprint author), Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Agr, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.Boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.) is a medicinal plant native to the central zone of Chile and part of the sclerophyll forest. More than 2000 tons of dried leaves exported annually are wild collected. To develop a cultivation system that supports sustainable production of boldo leaves, we have studied growth and harvest of boldo under different light and soil water conditions. The leaf yield per plant as well as the alkaloid and essential oil content were the same for plants grown under shade and for plants exposed to full sun. The only difference between the shaded and the full sun plants was a higher percentage of stem in the harvested product of shade grown plants. This result would permit the intercropping of boldo in forest plantations without affecting the leaf yield and medicinal quality. The excellent adaptation to dry conditions was confirmed, as the different treatments of soil water led to similar leaf yields and plant heights. Plants submitted to water stress produced fewer but longer shoots and contained less essential oil. None of the treatments except water stress affected the medicinal quality requirements of alkaloid or essential oil concentration in the leaves. Wild collected leaves are inexpensive because of low production costs. To be able to compete with wild supplied leaves in the international market, we have evaluated high density plantings as a way to lower costs of a cultivated product by mechanizing harvest. High planting densities led to loweryielding individuals, but leaf yield per area increased. Plant height and the percentage of leaves in the harvested product was the same for densities of 8- and 16 plants m(-2). The leaves produced by cultivated boldo generally fulfill the requirements described in the European Pharmacopoeia. We conclude that boldo can be successfully cultivated under the described cultivation conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Morphological characters, yields and active principles in wild and cultivated accessions of the Chilean medicinal plant Buddleja globosa Hope

Vogel, H (reprint author), Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Agr, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.Buddleja globosa is a medicinal shrub native to Chile. Its leaves have been traditionally used for wound and ulcer healing. Different medicinal properties, such as outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and analgesic activities have been shown. Today, all raw materials for pharmaceutical process are coming from wild collection or recently established crops but not from selected plants. Studies of the genetic or environmental variability of the species would permit the optimization of yield and quality factors through the selection of genetic material or suitable production sites and management techniques. To assess which traits are determined genetically some yield related plant and leaf characteristics were studied in three wild populations and the cultivated accessions from the same provenances. The cultivated accessions also included three clones coming from individuals found in rural home gardens. For the cultivation studies individuals were arranged in a randomised block design, and those for the irrigation studies in split plots watered at 20% and 65% field capacity. Plant characteristics such as height and width of the plant, the ratio of both, stem diameter and leaf density differed significantly among natural populations. In leaf characteristics only the presence of stipules showed significant differences. The cultivated progenies or clones may give an idea if these differences among populations are due to environmental or to genetic effects. Compared with other provenances, plants from the coastal provenance Los Ruiles are tallest in both natural populations and cultivated clones and also showed superior leaf yields in spite of their lower leaf density. The hairy leaves may cause allergic reactions at the moment of harvest. This characteristic is not influenced by different irrigation treatments and shows no significant differences between cultivated and wild plants. Because of the significant higher leaf yields per plant in home garden clones we assume that formerly individuals with a higher leaf production were selected for cultivation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Proximate composition and biological activity of food plants gathered by Chilean Amerindians

Razmilic,I.et al. Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Química, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile

Biological activity and food analysis of Cyttaria spp. (Discomycetes)

Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. et al, Universidad de Talca, Instituto de Química, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile