BLADDER INGUINAL HERNIA, HOSPITAL OF ZABOL, IRAN: A CASE REPORT

Herniation of the bladder into the inguinal canal is an uncommon phenomenon, accompanied by complications, such as the obstruction of the neck of the bladder caused by prostatic hypertrophy, that increase intra-abdominal pressure, which occurs in one fourth of all inguinal hernia. It is quite difficult to diagnose the involvement of the bladder during the first medical examination of the patient and it might even require a herniorrhaphy. The main objective of the present study is to report an untouchable case of bladder herniation without any specific symptoms which was randomly diagnosed using spinal CT scan. Knowing the possibility of the incidence of such a case can help assess requirements of a surgery and improve readiness to implement useful interventions. Key Words: Inguinal Hernia, Bladder, Case Report, Zabol

Nanocarriers for methotrexate delivery/codelivery in the frame of cancer diagnostics and treatment: a review

Cancer is one of the most life-threatening family of diseases that cause death worldwide. As a highly researched and successful therapeutic agent, methotrexate (MTX) treats many solid tumours, hematologic malignancies, and autoimmune illnesses. Despite many benefits, methotrexate induces drug resistance and limits plasma half-life due to its poor pharmacokinetics. The variable biological availability have prompted researchers to investigate innovative delivery strategies for enhancing its therapeutic qualities. To develop more suitable methotrexate formulations, nanoparticles (NPs) have recently gained a significant interest. A wide range of nanoparticles, including polymer-based nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, as well as inorganic nanoparticles, can be deliver cancer chemotherapeutics such as methotrexate. Loading methotrexate into NPs can provide a delivery system that has shown great promise to carcinoma therapy. In this review, we will describe the feasibility of NP-based strategies to deliver methotrexate in cancer therapy, outlining the current state of the art and the challenges/promises for the future

BRONCHOGENIC CYST-A REVIEW

Introduction: An infected lung may be obstructed by obstructive emphysema, which causes severe mediastinal deviation, compression atelectasis, and lung infection. Generally, the common symptoms of this disease are: frequent upper respiratory tract infection, vague feelings of sadness and back pain, respiratory problems (cough, vowel breath, stridor, dyspnea and cyanosis), dysphagia, hemoptysis, fever, abnormalities in swallowing, and vomiting due to tightness and irritation of the esophagus. Methods: In this review article, the databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to identify the studies Bronchogenic cyst. In this review, the papers published until early January 2017 that was conducted to study the Bronchogenic cyst were selected. Results:They mostly emerge near the main chest or bronchus, especially clinging to the posterior carina and posterior or medial mediastinum. These lesions are usually isolated and are found on the right near the middle line, but some other areas, like the left part, are also prone to this disorder. Conclusion: Although lung parenchyma is not a common place in the development of Bronchogenic cyst, it is particularly important due to severe complications that can be associated with it. Since it is rarely possible to accurately diagnose preoperative conditions, it is necessary to perform resection of the lesion med in all suspected cases of bronchogenic cysts. Keywords: Bronchogenic, cys

Properties and application of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in biosensors for disease detection: A comprehensive review

In the areas of bioimaging and detection, biosensors have attracted extensive attention recently. Specifically, biosensors based on nanostructures provide a more sensitive detection due to their prominent properties. Different biosensors have used quantum dots (QDs) due to their unique properties, like high quantum yield (QY) and photoluminescence. In addition to possessing the advantages of common QDs, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have a higher solubility, lower toxicity, and easier synthesis, making them highly useful and a promising candidate for biomedical applications. The CQD is a zero-dimensional nanostructure with a size of less than 10 nm in every dimension. The unparallel features of CQDs, including good biocompatibility and unique optical properties, like high photoluminescence (PL) and Quantum yield (QY), make them attractive candidates for biosensor and bioimaging applications. This review examines the recent advances in biosensors based on CQDs and presents the properties, challenges, and future perspectives to pave the way for further studies in the future