Parenteral provision of micronutrients to pediatric patients: an international expert consensus paper

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1990INTRODUCTION:Micronutrients (vitamins and trace elements) are essential to all nutrition. For children and neonates who are dependent upon nutrition support therapies for growth and development, the prescribed regimen must supply all essential components. This paper aims to facilitate interpretation of existing clinical guidelines into practical approaches for the provision of micronutrients in pediatric parenteral nutrition. METHODS:An international, interdisciplinary expert panel was convened to review recent evidence-based guidelines and published literature to develop consensus- based recommendation on practical micronutrient provision in pediatric parenteral nutrition. RESULTS:The guidelines and evidence have been interpreted as answers to 10 commonly asked questions around the practical principles for provision and monitoring of micronutrients in pediatric patients CONCLUSION: Micronutrients are an essential part of all parenteral nutrition and should be included in the pediatric nutrition therapy care plan.Published versio

Fracture assessment of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber-reinforced epoxy adhesive

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were incorporated in an epoxy-based adhesive layer to improve the adhesive joint's mechanical performance. The morphological study of the electrospun PAN nanofibers revealed that the fabricated nanofibers were smooth, continuous, and without beads. The average diameter of the nanofibers was determined to be 362 ± 87 nm. The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens were tested and the fracture energies were determined for the unreinforced and reinforced adhesives. The outstanding reinforcing capability of PAN nanofibers was demonstrated by significant improvements in fracture energy of the adhesive containing PAN nanofibers. A maximum improvement of 127% in the mode I fracture energy of adhesive was achieved by incorporating 2 g/m2 of PAN nanofibers into the adhesive layer. Moreover, the morphology of the fracture surfaces was examined using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique to evaluate the toughening mechanisms resulting from this improvement