DDoS Attack Detection with Deep Learning Algorithm for SNMP, NetBISO, and DNS

Abstract: In this day and age of advanced technology, devices that are connected to the Internet and can think are a big part of both our everyday lives and the work we do in factories. The number of Internet of Things devices has been steadily increasing from one year to the next, and it is expected that by 2030, there will be 126 billion of them. On the other hand, the number of distributed denial of service, or DDoS, attacks on the internet's surface has gone up as the number of Internet of Things devices has grown. Because IoT devices are limited in what they can do, it's important to come up with some advanced security techniques to protect the DDoS surface. Because of this, people who want to take control of an Internet of Things device can attack it. This thesis uses the CICDoS2019 dataset to improve how bugs are handled and build a new taxonomy that can handle DDoS attacks better. In the end, this will make the defense against these kinds of attacks stronger. In this paper, the DNN and the LSTMs methods to find distributed denial of service threats (SNMP, NetBIOS, DNS). With our suggested method, accuracy rates of 99.99% have been reached. . Keywords SNMP, NetBIOS, DNS, LSTM, DDN, Deep Learnin

Impact of Leadership Incivility on Employee Leaving Intention and Job Insecurity: Mediating role of Workplace Ostracism

Purpose: Supervisors' Incivility is considered a key antecedent of workplace ostracism and it is one of the burning issues and has a direct relationship with Job Insecurity, similarly, Job Insecurity generates the intention to leave the organization among employees. Methodology: The targeted population was the employee of healthcare institutions working in Pakistan. The sample of 336 was collected using the purposive sampling technique and the quantitative approach was applied due to the explanatory nature of the study. A five-level Likert scale questionnaire was employed to collect the data from the employees of the healthcare institutions regardless of their role and designation. Data analysis was run in twos steps, first demographic & descriptive by using Statistical Package for social science (SPSS 25.0), and in the second stage we used structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for convergent & discriminant validities the Partial least squares (PLS) approach was adopted by using the smart PLS software for the analysis of data. Findings: The results revealed that there is a direct positive relationship between leadership incivility and employee leaving intention and job security. The mediating role of workplace ostracism is not established among the dependent and independent variables however job insecurity ignites and mediates the employee leaving intentions. Conclusion: The study in Pakistan revealed that the workplace environment contributes 32% to job performance and 23% to Employee Leaving Intention. The study aims to evaluate leadership incivility and its effects on employee leaving intention and job insecurity, and also moderate the relationship between workplace ostracism with job insecurity and employee leaving intentions

Perceived barriers to utilizing maternal and neonatal health services in contracted-out versus government-managed health facilities in the rural districts of Pakistan

Background: A number of developing countries have contracted out public health facilities to the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in order to improve service utilization. However, there is a paucity of in-depth qualitative information on barriers to access services as a result of contracting from service users’ perspective. The objective of this study was to explore perceived barriers to utilizing Maternal and Neonatal Health (MNH) services, in health facilities contracted out by government to NGO for service provision versus in those which are managed by government (non-contracted). Methods: A community-based qualitative exploratory study was conducted between April to September 2012 at two contracted-out and four matched non-contracted primary healthcare facilities in Thatta and Chitral, rural districts of Pakistan. Using semi-structured guide, the data were collected through thirty-six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted with mothers and their spouses in the catchment areas of selected facilities. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo version 10.0 in which themes and sub-themes emerged. Results: Key barriers reported in contracted sites included physical distance, user charges and familial influences. Whereas, poor functionality of health centres was the main barrier for non-contracted sites with other issues being comparatively less salient. Decision-making patterns for participants of both catchments were largely similar. Spouses and mother-in-laws particularly influenced the decision to utilize health facilities. Conclusion: Contracting out of health facility reduces supply side barriers to MNH services for the community served but distance, user charges and low awareness remain significant barriers. Contracting needs to be accompanied by measures for transportation in remote settings, oversight on user fee charges by contractor, and strong community-based behavior change strategies

The Effect of Despotic Leadership on the Employee Work Withdrawal Behavior and Acquiescent Silence

Purpose: The main aim to conduct this research is to identify whether LMX mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and acquiescence silence. In addition, the study also takes into account the role of Quality of work life as a mediator in the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior. Methodology: The data was collected by sharing the adopted questionnaire with the target population a total of 247 valid responses were received from the employee working in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Smart PLS was used to measure the model. The research is conducted for the managers leading a team of professionals and the community of Human Resource Development that includes business consultants, advisors, employees, top management, scholars, specialists, and students. Findings: The study found that despotic leadership increases withdrawal behavior and acquiescence in silence among employees. Moreover, leader-member exchange mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior and quality of work-life mediates the relationship between despotic leadership and work withdrawal behavior. Conclusion: The findings declared that despotic leadership has a destructive influence on subordinates concerning increased work withdrawal behavior and acquiescent silence

In vitro efficacy of selected medicinal plants from Cholistan desert, Pakistan, against gastrointestinal helminths of sheep and goats

Gastrointestinal helminths are a major constraint to small ruminants in extensive husbandry systems of tropical regions. Yet, unavailability, high prices, side effects, and development of parasite resistance often limit the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Traditional medicinal plants might be an effective low-cost alternative. Therefore the in vitro anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of the ligneous plants Capparis decidua, Salsola foetida, Suaeda fruticosa, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Haloxylon recurvum from Cholistan, Pakistan, was investigated against adult worms of Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, and Paramphistomum cervi. Various concentrations (from 7.8 to 500 mg dry matter ml^(−1)) of three extracts (aqueous, methanol, and aqueous-methanol) of each plant were tested at different time intervals for their anthelmintic activity via adult motility assay.Plant species (p=0.01), extract type (p=0.001), parasite species (p=0.001), extract concentration (p=0.001), time of exposure (p=0.001) and their interactions (p=0.001) affected the number of immobile or dead helminths. The 50% lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values indicated that the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of C. decidua, H. recurvum, and H. salicornicum as well as the methanol extract of S. fruticosa have the potential to be developed into plant-based remedies against the studied helminths. Further studies are needed to investigate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of these extracts, in order to develop effective, cheap and locally available anthelmintics for pastoralists in Cholistan and neighbouring desert regions