Does hybrid density functional theory predict a non-magnetic ground state for delta-Plutonium?

Hybrid density functionals, which replaces a fraction of density functional theory (DFT) exchange with exact Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange, have been used to study the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of delta-Plutonium. The fractions of exact Hartree-Fock exchange used were 25%, 40%, and 55%. Compared to the pure PBE functional, the lattice constants expanded with respect to the experimental value when the PBE-HF hybrid functionals were applied. A non-magnetic ground state was realized for 55% HF contribution; otherwise the ground state was anti-ferromagnetic. The 5f electrons tend to exhibit slight delocalization or itinerancy for the pure PBE functional and well-defined localization for the hybrid functionals, with the degree of 5f electron localization increasing with the amount of HF exchange. Overall, the performance of the hybrid density functionals do not seem superior to pure density functionals for delta-Plutonium.Comment: 24 pages (double spaced), 5 figures, 1 tabl

Restoring Native Oysters in Great Bay Estuary, NH (2011)

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in New Hampshire’s Great Bay Estuary has declined in the past decades, with local populations at very low densities due primarily to disease, excessive siltation, and past over-harvest. The loss of filtering oysters results in diminished ecological benefits for water quality, nitrogen control, and other services that healthy oyster populations provide. In support of regional management objectives to restore millions of oysters to the estuary, the Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) piloted and scaled-up methods to successfully rebuild oyster reefs. Based on pilot results in 2009, we developed a technique using a thin layer of recycled clamshell “planted” over silted channel bottom as a hard substrate foundation to recruit natural spawn, supplemented with hatchery-raised and volunteer-grown seed “spat”. In 2010, a full acre reef was constructed and seeded at the mouth of the Oyster River in Durham, producing a one-year standing stock of \u3e200K oysters. In 2011, restoration efforts were scaled up significantly, led by support from the Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP), with two acres of reef construction at the mouth of the Lamprey River (Newmarket NH). In June 2011, approximately 200 yd3 of seasoned surf clam shell was deployed at the site for total shell coverage of 80,000 ft2 (7,432 m2). Fall monitoring results showed that an estimated 58K oyster spat were recruited to the reef (19.5 spat/m2). Supplements from UNH remote setting operations added 428K spat to the reef areas, plus an additional 17K spat were raised by community volunteers. By fall 2011, the completed reefs achieved a standing stock of \u3e500K oysters. In addition, another half-acre restoration site was built nearby with farmer support. Collectively, our efforts demonstrate significant progress towards a regional goal of 20 acres of oyster reef restored by 2020, and position us for further expansion of restoration work going forward

Globalization, Gender and Development: The Effect of Parental Labor Supply on Child Schooling

Tariff reductions have gender-specific effects on the labor market that change the relative bargaining power within households, which in turn affects child outcomes. We estimate how changes in parental labor supply due to these tariff reductions affect child schooling by focusing on young school-age children who are otherwise not active in the labor market. Using micro-level data from India, we find that an increase in female labor supply due to the tariff reductions was associated with a 7 percentage points higher schooling probability for children between the ages of 7 and 10. This result explains approximately 26 percent of the improvement in schooling for this age group between the years 1988 and 2000household bargaining, development, globalization, schooling

Restoring Oyster Reefs in Great Bay Estuary, NH 2012 Annual Program Report

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in New Hampshire’s Great Bay Estuary has declined in the past decades, with local populations reduced due primarily to disease, excessive siltation, and past over-harvest. The loss of filtering oysters results in diminished ecological benefits for water quality, nitrogen control, and other services that healthy oyster populations provide. In support of management objectives to restore oyster populations, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) have combined for a fourth consecutive year of scaled-up methods to rebuild reefs and oyster populations. Since 2009, we have “planted” dried shell, primarily surf-clam and oyster mix, on channel bottom as a hard substrate foundation to recruit spawn from nearby native populations. Constructed areas are amended with laboratory raised and volunteer-grown “spat-on-shell” from remotely set larvae to supplement recruitment. In 2012, despite limited funding, we successfully constructed and seeded two new acres of reef adjacent to native oysters in the mouth of Squamscott River, Newmarket. Results were somewhat below target for shell cover and live oyster density but natural recruitment was strong and encouraging for future reef development. Overall, we restored about a quarter of a million new oysters to the estuary. Community engagement, particularly through the volunteer Oyster Conservationist program, reached an all-time high with thirty-nine families participating in direct restoration activities and another twenty-three volunteers assisting in various project tasks

The Founders’ Privacy: The Fourth Amendment and The Power of Technological Surveillance

Part I of this Article briefly discusses the history and origins of the Fourth Amendment and its relationship to the doc- trine of separation of powers. Part I argues that the central purpose of the amendment was not to define various aspects of life as private, but to guarantee that the people defined the limits of the executive\u27s surveillance power. Part II then examines the Supreme Court\u27s Fourth Amendment jurisprudence dealing with technology prior to Kyllo, and the problems associated with this jurisprudence. Part II argues that the Supreme Court\u27s framing of the privacy question as whether a new search is equivalent to the searches the Founders feared not only fails to provide law enforcement with any guidance, but supplants the decision making authority of the people in part by failing to distinguish between macro-level decisions and micro- level decisions. In this discussion, Part II uses as examples three emerging investigative technologies: Magic Lantern, decryption, and Carnivore. In Part III, this Article discusses the Supreme Court\u27s recent decision in Kyllo and how it might sug- gest an alternative Fourth Amendment analysis based upon the Founders\u27 privacy. This analysis is then applied to the three examples discussed in Part II. Part IV argues that unlike the Supreme Court\u27s current approach, an analysis based upon the Founders\u27 privacy may be consistent with the principles of constitutional self-governance and reconcile the current tension between the Fourth Amendment and the constitutional doc- trine of separation of powers. Part V.A discusses the moderate thesis, and Part lV.B the radical thesis

Irreconcilable Differences: Congressional Treatment of Internet Service Providers as Speakers

This Article argues that under the CDA and OCILLA, Congress adopted facially inconsistent approaches towards ISP liability for expression. Nonetheless, despite the overt differences, it is possible to discern an underlying principle for determining when ISPs should be considered speakers that reconciles this inconsistency. Put simply, the CDA and OCILLA support an approach toward determining when ISPs are speakers that focuses on whether an ISP exercises editorial control over its network. This approach is evidenced by the fact that both statutes recognize that ISPs are able to exercise editorial control over any and all content on their networks, and both encourage the exercise of that control in one form or another

F(r)ee Expression: Reconciling Copyright & the First Amendment

This essay explores the relationship between copyright and free speech by critically evaluating the proposition that conflicts between the two can be eliminated because the Framers intended both to be engines for free expression. My purpose is not to set forth a comprehensive theory of copyright and free speech, but is more modest. This essay argues that while useful, reference to the Framers\u27 intent only goes so far in avoiding conflicts between copyright and free speech, and when viewed outside of the facts presented by Harper & Row and Eldred, reliance upon the Framers\u27 intent arguably increases such conflicts. Moreover, this essay suggests that efforts to minimize free speech concerns in copyright cases by relying upon the Framers\u27 intent beyond Harper & Row and Eldred represent copyright Lochnernism

Promoting Diverse Cultural Expression: Lessons from the U.S. Copyright Wars

In 2007, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression (CCD) with the goal of creating an environment that encourages individuals and social groups to create, distribute, and have access to diverse cultural expression from their own cultural and from cultures around the world. With regard to domestic and international efforts to implement the CCD and reconcile its goals with other international norms, the author argues that valuable lessons can be learned from current trends and issues in U.S. copyright law. Specifically, the author argues that the current debate over copyright\u27s response to new technologies in general and how best to promote and protect musical expression in a digital and networked world illustrate the importance of disaggregating the interests of creators and distributors. Depending upon the funding mechanism chosen for creation, legal protection for distributors may undermine the goals of the CCD leading to fewer works being created, disseminated, and made accessible to the public