The Heating and Ventilating System of Throop College of Technology

No abstract

Sonic boom prediction and minimization using computational fluid dynamics

This paper describes the NASA ARC program in sonic boom prediction methodologies. This activity supports NASA's High Speed Research Program (HSRP). An overview of the program, recent results, conclusions, and current effort will be given. This effort complements research in sonic boom acceptability and validation being conducted at LaRC and ARC. The goals of the sonic boom element are as follows: to establish a predictive capability for sonic booms generated by High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) concepts; to establish guidelines of acceptability for supersonic overland flight; and to validate these findings with wind tunnel and flight tests. The cumulative result of these efforts will be an assessment of economic viability for supersonic transportation. This determination will ultimately be made by the aerospace industry

Genome-Wide Identification of HrpL-Regulated Genes in the Necrotrophic Phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937

BACKGROUND: Dickeya dadantii is a necrotrophic pathogen causing disease in many plants. Previous studies have demonstrated that the type III secretion system (T3SS) of D. dadantii is required for full virulence. HrpL is an alternative sigma factor that binds to the hrp box promoter sequence of T3SS genes to up-regulate their expression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To explore the inventory of HrpL-regulated genes of D. dadantii 3937 (3937), transcriptome profiles of wild-type 3937 and a hrpL mutant grown in a T3SS-inducing medium were examined. Using a cut-off value of 1.5, significant differential expression was observed in sixty-three genes, which are involved in various cellular functions such as type III secretion, chemotaxis, metabolism, regulation, and stress response. A hidden Markov model (HMM) was used to predict candidate hrp box binding sites in the intergenic regions of 3937, including the promoter regions of HrpL-regulated genes identified in the microarray assay. In contrast to biotrophic phytopathgens such as Pseudomonas syringae, among the HrpL up-regulated genes in 3937 only those within the T3SS were found to contain a hrp box sequence. Moreover, direct binding of purified HrpL protein to the hrp box was demonstrated for hrp box-containing DNA fragments of hrpA and hrpN using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In this study, a putative T3SS effector DspA/E was also identified as a HrpL-upregulated gene, and shown to be translocated into plant cells in a T3SS-dependent manner. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCES: We provide the genome-wide study of HrpL-regulated genes in a necrotrophic phytopathogen (D. dadantii 3937) through a combination of transcriptomics and bioinformatics, which led to identification of several effectors. Our study indicates the extent of differences for T3SS effector protein inventory requirements between necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens, and may allow the development of different strategies for disease control for these different groups of pathogens

Genomewide transcriptional Analysis of Methanosarcina mazei Gö1

Es wurden Computerprogramme im Rahmen dieser Arbeit programmiert, die es ermöglichten DNA-Microarray-Chips zu generieren, die das gesamte Transkriptom von Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 repräsentieren.Ferner wurde eine TOPO-Plasmidbank des Transkriptoms von Ms. mazei Gö1 erstellt, die es ermöglichte neue hoch spezifische PCR-Produkte zu generieren, und damit in Zukunft die Nachproduktion von DNA-Microarray-Chips gewährleistet. Die Methode die auf der Generierung der PCR-Produkte aus einer Genom-sequenzierdatenbank beruhte, war ein neues kostengünstigeres Verfahren zur Produktion von Genom umfassenden DNA-Microarray-Chips, die eine neue Verknüpfung zwischen den Forschungsbereichen der Genom- und der Transkriptionsanalyse bildete. Hierfür wurden die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit neue erstellten Konzepte in Form von Algorithmen in selbst erstellte Computersoftware implementiert, die es ermöglichten, die Genbank des Sequenzierprojektes zu nutzen.Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellten DNA-Microarray-Chips, die das gesamte Transkriptom von Ms. mazei Gö1 repräsentieren, zeigten einen sehr hohen Grad an Genauigkeit in der Analyse des relativen Expressionsverhaltens des Transkriptoms unter Wachstum mit verschiedenen Kohlenstoffquellen als Substrat. Die Ergebnisse der genomweiten Transkriptionsanalyse ermöglichten es, den gesamten Stoffwechselweg der Methanogenese mit Acetat oder Methanol als Substrat zu rekonstruieren. Diese Chips ermöglichten es, einen tieferen Einblick in das Expressionsverhalten der Gene des zentralen Metabolismus der Methanogenese zu erlangen, neue Verknüpfungen von Stoffwechselwegen zu entdecken und Hypothesen über die Funktionen von Enzymen der Methanogenese wissenschaftlich zu belegen.Computer programs have been developed in the course of this project that made it possible to generate DNA-Microarray-Chips that represent the whole genome of Methanosarcina mazei Gö1.Furthermore a TOPO-plasmidbank of the whole transcriptome of Ms. mazei Gö1 was generated to reproduce high specifity PCR-products for new chip generations. The Method of generating the microarray chips on the basis of a genome-sequencing-genedata-bank was a new inexpensive approach for producing genome representing DNA-microarray-chips. This approach was new linkage of the sciences of genome- and transcriptome-analysis. To achieve this, new concepts in the form of implementing algorithms in newly self-developed computer software were established, to use the data of the sequencing project.The produced DNA-microarray-chips that represent the whole genome of Ms. mazei Gö1, showed a very high degree of accuracy in the analysis of the transcriptome under growth on different carbon sources as a substrate. The results of the genomewide transcriptional analyses enabled one to reconstruct the whole metabolism of methanogenesis with methanol or acetat as substrate. These chips made it further possible, to gain a deeper insight into the expression behaviour of the genes of the central metabolism of methanogenesis, to discover new links in metabolic pathways and to scientifically prove hypotheses of functions of enzymes in methanogenesis