Tatonnement modeling with linear programming: demand and supply for some United States crops in 2000

During the last decade, two concerns have been raised about the future of U.S. crop production. These concerns are: (a) Will the United States have enough land available in the future that is suitable for crop production? and (b) What will future crop yields be? Future U.S. crop production is highly dependent upon both these issues;The real problem may not be the quantity of future crop production, but rather the price of the quantity that is available. The development of a model to answer this question is one of the objectives of this study. The other objective is the projection of prices and quantities for barley, corn, oats, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat for the year 2000 under alternative yield and land availability assumptions;An iterative model based on the theory of tatonnement process of market adjustments is developed using a linear programming model to stimulate the behavior of producers and demand equations estimated econometrically to stimulate the behavior of consumers. The iterative model starts at an arbitrary level of demand for each commodity and solves for approximate equilibrium prices and quantities;The iterative model is used to estimate approximate equilibrium prices and quantities for barley, corn, oats, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat and supply prices for corn silage, sorghum silage, legume hay, other hay, and cotton for the year 2000. Seven scenarios consisting of three alternative yield levels and three alternative levels of land constraints are run and analyzed;The results from the seven scenarios suggest that the future equilibrium prices and quantities are highly dependent upon the assumptions made about future crop yields and future cropland availability. The highest equilibrium price for barley, corn, oats, sorghum, wheat, and soybeans is 182.1, 158.8, 145.3, 165.1, 182.4, and 208.9 percent higher than the lowest equilibrium price, respectively

CONSUMER EXPENDITURES AT DIRECT PRODUCE MARKETS

Interviews of customers at direct produce markets were conducted to determine why expenditure patterns vary. Frequency of shopping at outlets, income, uses of produce, household composition, and distance to the outlet are important determinants of expenditures at direct product outlets.Consumer/Household Economics,

THE PACKING SIMULATION MODEL

The Packing Simulation Model is a microcomputer application program designed for researchers, extension personnel, bankers, packing managers, or other specialists who plan the operations of a packing facility or simulate its financial performance. PACKSIM produces pro forma financial statements for packing facilities based on flexible crop mixes and packing assumptions. Variations can be made in the product harvest schedule, price, quality, quantity, input costs and requirements, packing efficiency, overhead, and loan terms.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Estimating silage value to the crop producer (2003)

New 10/03/3

Effects of increased energy prices on U.S. agriculture: an econometric approach

BookAlthough the contents of this manuscript remain the responsibility of the authors, we wish to thanks a group of reviewers for the time and conscientious effort they put forth to solidify this final draft. Andrew Morton, Brian Holding, Wesley Buchele, and Arnold Paulsen deserve much credit for their questioning, comments, and support in this endeavor. We also wish to thank a fine clerical staff for their work on this project and especially Mary Shearer for her accuracy and expedience

Ireland never seemed so far away

Gift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano vocal [instrumentation]Just today I got a letter [first line]Ireland never seemed so far away [first line of chorus]E flat [key]Moderato [tempo]Popular song [form/genre]Woman leaning against brick wall in forest [illustration]Publisher's advertisement on inside front and back cover [note

High-throughput metal susceptibility testing of microbial biofilms

BACKGROUND: Microbial biofilms exist all over the natural world, a distribution that is paralleled by metal cations and oxyanions. Despite this reality, very few studies have examined how biofilms withstand exposure to these toxic compounds. This article describes a batch culture technique for biofilm and planktonic cell metal susceptibility testing using the MBEC assay. This device is compatible with standard 96-well microtiter plate technology. As part of this method, a two part, metal specific neutralization protocol is summarized. This procedure minimizes residual biological toxicity arising from the carry-over of metals from challenge to recovery media. Neutralization consists of treating cultures with a chemical compound known to react with or to chelate the metal. Treated cultures are plated onto rich agar to allow metal complexes to diffuse into the recovery medium while bacteria remain on top to recover. Two difficulties associated with metal susceptibility testing were the focus of two applications of this technique. First, assays were calibrated to allow comparisons of the susceptibility of different organisms to metals. Second, the effects of exposure time and growth medium composition on the susceptibility of E. coli JM109 biofilms to metals were investigated. RESULTS: This high-throughput method generated 96-statistically equivalent biofilms in a single device and thus allowed for comparative and combinatorial experiments of media, microbial strains, exposure times and metals. By adjusting growth conditions, it was possible to examine biofilms of different microorganisms that had similar cell densities. In one example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was up to 80 times more resistant to heavy metalloid oxyanions than Escherichia coli TG1. Further, biofilms were up to 133 times more tolerant to tellurite (TeO(3)(2-)) than corresponding planktonic cultures. Regardless of the growth medium, the tolerance of biofilm and planktonic cell E. coli JM109 to metals was time-dependent. CONCLUSION: This method results in accurate, easily reproducible comparisons between the susceptibility of planktonic cells and biofilms to metals. Further, it was possible to make direct comparisons of the ability of different microbial strains to withstand metal toxicity. The data presented here also indicate that exposure time is an important variable in metal susceptibility testing of bacteria

Reconfiguring intellectual property for cyberspace : a lok at the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references.by Raymond K. Joe.M.S

Verbal Control of Visual and Auditor Imagery

Psycholog