Review on Blueprint of Designing Anti-Wetting Polymeric Membrane Surfaces for Enhanced Membrane Distillation Performance

Recently, membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a versatile technology for treating saline water and industrial wastewater. However, the long-term use of MD wets the polymeric membrane and prevents the membrane from working as a semi-permeable barrier. Currently, the concept of antiwetting interfaces has been utilized for reducing the wetting issue of MD. This review paper discusses the fundamentals and roles of surface energy and hierarchical structures on both the hydrophobic characteristics and wetting tolerance of MD membranes. Designing stable antiwetting interfaces with their basic working principle is illustrated with high scientific discussions. The capability of antiwetting surfaces in terms of their self-cleaning properties has also been demonstrated. This comprehensive review paper can be utilized as the fundamental basis for developing antiwetting surfaces to minimize fouling, as well as the wetting issue in the MD process

A Distributed Hash Table based Address Resolution Scheme for Large-scale Ethernet Networks

Ethernet\u27s plug-&-play feature is built on its use of flat (location independent) addresses and use of broadcasts to resolve unknown MAC addresses. While plug-&-play is one of Ethernet\u27s most attractive features, it also affects its scalability. As the number of active MAC addresses in the network grows beyond the capacity of forwarding caches in bridges, the odds of cache-misses, each triggering a broadcast, grow as well. The resulting increase in broadcast bandwidth consumption affects scalability. To address this problem, we propose a simple address resolution scheme based on an adaptation of distributed hash tables where a single query suffices in the steady state. The new scheme is implemented on advanced bridges maintaining backward compatibility with legacy bridges and eliminating reliance on broadcasts for address discovery. Comparisons with a legacy, broadcast-based scheme are carried out along several metrics that demonstrate the new scheme\u27s robustness and ability to improve scalability

Energy Efficient Military Mobile Base Station Placement

This research deals with an energy efficient network for military mobile base station placement. The proposed method is based on minimizing the energy loss of military communication networks where the base station is moving along a preset path and the users are constantly moving in an independent speed and direction. It takes into account the free space loss and the knife edge effect for the energy loss to establish a path weight for the shortest path model. Then, it evaluates the neighboring points to the base station for the energy loss of the network in order to find the position at which the minimum energy loss occurs. The results show a clear energy saving advantage when compared to Lloyd-Max’s method

A Rare Case of Cholecystitis Caused by Raoultella planticola

A 62-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant pain. Clinical examination and ultrasound scan were consistent with gallstones and acute cholecystitis. She received 3 days of intravenous Co-amoxiclav and was discharged with 5-days of oral antibiotics with arrangements to return for an elective cholecystectomy. This was performed 5 months later which revealed an inflamed gallbladder and a localised abscess secondary to gallbladder perforation. Fluid from the gallbladder was taken which cultured Raoultella planticola, a gram-negative, nonmotile environmental bacteria (Bagley et al. (1981)). This is the first report of biliary sepsis with a primary infection by R. planticola. This patient was treated with a 5-day course of oral Co-amoxiclav and made a full recovery