Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Bioactive Compounds for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances. Dysbiosis of GM has been linked to the onset of T2DM and can be altered to attain eubiosis by intervention with various nutritional bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics. This review presents an overview of the evidence and underlying mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modulate the GM for the prevention and management of T2DM

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

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Not AvailableThirty Spanish groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars were grown for three cropping seasons, i.e., for two consecutive rainy and summer, and one post-rainy, and evaluated for physiological, morphological and anatomical traits and yield components. Photosynthetic rate (PN) was measured at full pod (R4) during rainy and post-rainy while at different reproductive growth stages during summer seasons. Response of cultivars to physiological traits differed significantly and cultivars belonging to high PN expressed higher gs and lower difference between leaf and air temperatures ( T) indicating that groundnut productivity could be increased by increasing gs. Among the reproductive growth stages, PN was higher during full pod (R4) and beginning seed (R5) in addition T was least during this period. This indicated that Spanish groundnut is more close to the determinate type of growth habit and exhibited reproductive sink driven PN. Associations between morphological and physiological traits and yield components were established and potential trade-offs between various traits were identified. For example, associations between PN and total sink size (r = 0.43* *), weight of mature pods (r = 0.45* *) and harvest index (HI) (r = 0.48* *) were positive while association between PN and T (r = −0.60* *), leaf temperature (r = −0.47* *), petiole length (r = −0.50* *), both leaflet length and width (r = −66* *) were negative. Among the sources of variation, environment was found most detrimental to influence the traits and among the physiological traits influence of environment was more on gs than the PN and T. Similarly, environment has influenced pod yield more than reproductive sink size. Among all the traits studied, PN, gs, pod yield and HI contributed maximum to the observed variation. In conclusion, knowledge on physiological understanding in relation to PN and productivity and wide genetic variability among various traits, as reported in this study, could be utilized in developing new potential germplasm and designing ideotype for making the cultivars more adaptive for different water availability areas in semi-arid tropics worldwide.Not Availabl

Evaluation of groundnut germplasm for resistance against root-knot nematodes

Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the local germplasms of ground nut. 71 germplasms of groundnut were examined against M. arenaria and M. javanica. Twelve germplasms were found to be highly resistant while sixteen were resistant. Moderately resistant germplasms were thirty three. Ten germplasm were susceptible. However, none were found to be either immune or highly susceptible.Not Availabl

A randomised prospective and retrospective study of biological plating for tibial fractures

A series of 30 patients of proximal and distal tibial fractures treated with minimally invasive techniques have been reviewed after surgery to study the results of fractures of proximal and distal tibia with biological plating. We have scored proximal tibial fractures according to Rasmussen scale and distal tibial fractures by Tenny and Wiss scale. Out of 30 patients, 4 had excellent, 15 had good, 7 patient had fair, and 3 had poor results. Two patients had superficial wound infection and two patients had deep infections. This minimally invasive technique for treatment of distal tibial fractures proves to be a feasible and worthwhile method of stabilization while avoiding the severe complications associated with the more standard methods of internal or external fixation of these fractures