Remote Patient Monitoring and MANET: Applications and Challenges

In the recent years, we have seen a rapid advancement in the field of mobile computing due to the rapid increase in the no. of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, modern devices, applications and protocols solely focuses on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by mobile ad hoc networking.. Apart from conventional SMS and voice calling, the mobile technology has found tremendous applications in various departments such as military services, healthcare services, etc. In this paper, we have discussed a prototype of a wireless patient monitoring system for the management of cardiac predicament and also compared its implication in ad hoc network environment. This is because it is not always practical to maintain wireless mobile communication in remote areas and hilly terrains and these places usually lack good doctors and proper health care facilities to treat various diseases. This problem has been addressed in this paper by the design and implementation of an Ad hoc sensor network based solution. The proposed technique is intended specifically for remote rural areas where the infrastructural facilities such as the internet, GSM/GPRS etc are not available. There are various health parameters like pulse rate, temperature etc. through which patients can be monitored. The work can be categorised into three stages of data acquisition, data processing and data communication stages. A data acquisition stage consists of sensors to monitor the temperature and pulse rate. The sensor outputs are converted to digital form and read by a basic atmega16 microcontroller which does some processing and is sent through the serial port to the data processing software. In data processing module critical values of the measured data can be set; exceeding which the processer will initiate the communication unit to send SMS to the predefined mobile numbers via GSM module. When any deviation from the normal behaviour is detected or the received parameters of the patient goes beyond the threshold limit, the processing unit automatically transmits therelevant data to the receiver’s device as a SMS via a GSM module and at the same time the buzzer starts ringing. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150616

Indoor Localization and Mapping Using Deep Learning Networks

Over the past several decades, robots have been used extensively in environments that pose high risk to human operators and in jobs that are repetitive and monotonous. In recent years, robot autonomy has been exploited to extend their use in several non-trivial tasks such as space exploration, underwater exploration, and investigating hazardous environments. Such tasks require robots to function in unstructured environments that can change dynamically. Successful use of robots in these tasks requires them to be able to determine their precise location, obtain maps and other information about their environment, navigate autonomously, and operate intelligently in the unknown environment. The process of determining the location of the robot and generating a map of its environment has been termed in the literature as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) sensors, and depth cameras are typically used to generate a representation of the environment during the SLAM process. However, the real-time localization and generation of map information are still challenging tasks. Therefore, there is a need for techniques to speed up the approximate localization and mapping process while using fewer computational resources. This thesis presents an alternative method based on deep learning and computer vision algorithms for generating approximate localization information for mobile robots. This approach has been investigated to obtain approximate localization information captured by monocular cameras. Approximate localization can subsequently be used to develop coarse maps where a priori information is not available. Experiments were conducted to verify the ability of the proposed technique to determine the approximate location of the robot. The approximate location of the robot was qualitatively denoted in terms of its location in a building, a floor of the building, and interior corridors. ArUco markers were used to determine the quantitative location of the robot. The use of this approximate location of the robot in determining the location of key features in the vicinity of the robot was also studied. The results of the research reported in this thesis demonstrate that low cost, low resolution techniques can be used in conjunction with deep learning techniques to obtain approximate localization of an autonomous robot. Further such approximate information can be used to determine coarse position information of key features in the vicinity. It is anticipated that this approach can be subsequently extended to develop low-resolution maps of the environment that are suitable for autonomous navigation of robots

Vortex Dynamics of Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate of Microcavity Polaritons

In this work we perform a numerical study of a rotating, harmonically trapped, Bose-Einstein condensate of microcavity polaritons. An efficient numerical method (toolbox) to solve the complex Gross-Pitaevskii equation is developed. Using this method, we investigate how the behavior of the number of vortices formed inside the condensate changes as the various system parameters are varied. In contrast to the atomic condensates, we show, there exists an (experimentally realizable) range of parameter values in which all the vortices can be made to vanish even when there is a high rotation. We further explore how this region can be tuned through other free parameters and also discuss how this study can help to realize the synthetic magnetic field for polaritons and hence paving the way for the realization of the quantum Hall physics and many other exotic phenomena.Comment: Typos/ notations corrected, results unchanged, arguments revise

Adversarial Focal Loss: Asking Your Discriminator for Hard Examples

Focal Loss has reached incredible popularity as it uses a simple technique to identify and utilize hard examples to achieve better performance on classification. However, this method does not easily generalize outside of classification tasks, such as in keypoint detection. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptation of Focal Loss for keypoint detection tasks, called Adversarial Focal Loss (AFL). AFL not only is semantically analogous to Focal loss, but also works as a plug-and-chug upgrade for arbitrary loss functions. While Focal Loss requires output from a classifier, AFL leverages a separate adversarial network to produce a difficulty score for each input. This difficulty score can then be used to dynamically prioritize learning on hard examples, even in absence of a classifier. In this work, we show AFL's effectiveness in enhancing existing methods in keypoint detection and verify its capability to re-weigh examples based on difficulty

Determination of the bioavailability and biodistribution of a single dose of oral cholecalciferol/Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule by pharmacoscintigraphy- CalSci study

Background: It is required to study the bioavailability and biodistribution of specific cholecalciferol formulation before prescribing. Pharmacoscintigraphy is an established radiological-imaging technique that is used to map various drug formulations as they traverses the human body (biodistribution) in real-time. We evaluated the bioavailability and biodistribution pattern, transit time, and gastrointestinal clearance of a single dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule 60,000 IU [an oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D) formulation] using pharmacoscintigraphy. Methods: Six male healthy adult volunteers were administered a single oral dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule labelled with technetium-99m. Post-dosing, serial venous blood samples were collected till day 27 for the estimation of the plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Sequential static gamma imaging was performed to evaluate the biodistribution of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule. Descriptive statistics was used. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the concentration-time curves. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test. Suitable multivariate analysis was performed based on the distribution of data. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS® Software (v 9.4). Results: The overall absorption of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule was 93.23%, which was fully from the small intestine. It led to achieving a sufficient level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (>60 ng/ml) within 6 hours of oral intake. The levels of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased (maximum around 6 and 18 days, respectively). The small intestinal residence time was around 16 hours. No adverse event was noted. Conclusions: This was the first pharmacoscintigraphy study in the world which demonstrated the favourable bio-distribution of the Calcirol softgels supporting its role in vitamin D supplementation

Net zero pole streets light by solar PV module

People have started to move non-conventional energy source. The energy generated from non-conventional energy source should be used in effective manner. It is also eco-friendly and viable for the environments. The solar street light is an innovation take for the sustainable growth through many policies like make in India. This paper proposes a net-zero pole streets lighting by solar PV module and the mean of net-zero is that no power demand from the grid. The proposed system consists of a PV panel, LEDs lamp, and micro-inverter. In this project we have used LEDs lights due to many advantages as compare to other lamps. This LEDs lighting is very efficient (very high efficiency) and cost effective (long life). In additional in this project we used micro-inverter. This micro-inverter is converted DC supply from the PV module into AC supply and its AC supply is feed to the grid through a net-meter. In this project battery is not required

Study protocol for Smartphone Monitoring for Atrial fibrillation in Real-Time in India (SMART-India): a community-based screening and referral programme

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the world\u27s most common arrhythmia, often goes undetected and untreated in low-resource communities, including India, where AF epidemiology is undefined. AF is an important risk factor for stroke, which plagues an estimated 1.6 million Indians annually. As such, early detection of AF and management of high-risk patients is critically important to decrease stroke burden in individuals with AF. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of AF in Anand District, Gujarat, India, characterise the clinical profile of individuals who are diagnosed with AF and determine the performance of two mobile technologies for community-based AF screening. METHODS: This observational study builds on findings from a previous feasibility study and leverages two novel technologies as well as an existing community health programme to perform door-to-door AF screening for 2000 people from 60 villages of Anand District, Gujarat, India using local health workers. A single-lead ECG and a pulse-based application is used to screen each individual for AF three times over a period of 5 days. Participants with suspected arrhythmias are followed up by study cardiologist who makes final diagnoses. Participants diagnosed with AF are initiated on treatment based on current anticoagulation guidelines and clinical reasoning. ANALYTICAL PLAN: Age-stratified and sex-stratified prevalence of AF in the Anand District will be calculated for sample and estimated for Anand distribution using survey design weights. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with AF will be evaluated using multivariable regression methods. Performance of each mobile technology in detecting AF will be evaluated using a 12-lead ECG interpretation as the gold standard. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved separately by the Institutional Review Board of University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Human Research Ethics Committee at Charutar Arogya Mandal. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences

HFOV in inhalational injury associated ARDS with broncho-pleural fistula – An old friend to the rescue: Case report

Introduction: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on mechanical ventilation often require high inspiratory pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, effective ventilation becomes difficult in cases where a large air leak develops in patients. The management of such a case requires improvisation and the adoption of special ventilation strategies. Case and outcomes: We present a case study of a burn patient with airway involvement, developing ARDS and who developed a bronchopleural fistula (BPF) leading to failure of conventional ventilation. He was managed successfully with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and finally discharged. Conclusion: HFOV is a feasible option for ventilating patients with BPF when conventional ventilation fails. At a time when HFOV has largely been relegated to obsolescence, we hope to re-emphasize its relevance under particular circumstances