Aarskog-Scott Syndrome: Clinico-Radiological Illustration of a Rare Case

Aarskog-Scott Syndrome is a rare syndrome and is estimated to occur in 1 in 1 million individuals in general population. It is transmitted in an X-linked recessive manner and occurs due to FGD1 gene mutation. It has facial, genital and digital hands symptoms, musculoskeletal anomalies and affected growth. Here we present a case of Aarskog-Scott syndrome in an 18-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of irregularly placed teeth. In addition to all the classical features, presence of talon cusp was an interesting intraoral finding which has never been reported previously in dental literature.</p

An interesting case of malignant paraganglioma of the mandible with calvarial metastasis

Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from the neuroectodermally derived paraganglionic cells scattered throughout the body. Other neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, islet cell tumors, medullary carcinoma of thyroid, melanoma, mastocytoma, merkel's cell tumor of the skin, neurocytomas, oat cell carcinoma, pinealoma, and pituitary adenoma. Very few cases have been reported intraorally. Only few cases of neuroendocrine tumor of mandible have been reported till date. This is an interesting case of malignant paraganglioma of the mandible in a 30-year-old male patient with metastasis to the calvarium

Idiopathic Gingival Elephantiasis – A Case Report

Gingival elephantiasis is a rare slow progressive lesion which is also known as gingivalfibromatosis. It can be localized or generalized. This condition can be inflammatory, non-inflammatory or combination of both. The etiology involved could be due to poor oral hygiene, inadequate nutrition, a systemic hormonal stimulation. Genetic cause has been implicated as its etiology with several genes mutations and sometimes associated with syndromes such as Cross syndrome, Rutherford syndrome or Ramen syndrome but isolated cases are also reported and their etiology often remains unknown. This paper reports a very interesting case in which a 35 year old female came with complain of generalized swelling of gingiva covering the occlusal surface with mobility of teeth. Patient was asymptomatic and there was progressive increase in growth of gingivasince 1 year. Histopathologicaldiagnosis of gingivalgrowth confirmed the diagnosis.</p

Application of cone beam computed tomography gray scale values in the diagnosis of cysts and tumors

Background: Studies have unveiled that in CBCT the degree of x-ray attenuation is shown by gray scale (voxel value) that is used in determining the pathologic lesion. Gray value is to assess the density or quality of bone and the density varies depending on radiation attenuation. CBCT gray values are considered approximate values and its measurement allows differentiation of soft tissue and fluid with that of hard tissue. Aim and Objective: We aimed to evaluate the application of CBCT gray scale value of cysts and tumors to assess the difference of bony changes and to determine the significance in diagnosing the contents of the lesions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Patient clinically diagnosed either with cysts or tumors over a period of 18 months were included in the study. The gray scale reading was taken and radiological diagnosis was made which was further compared with the histopathological report of cysts and tumors. Results: CBCT gray scale value was found to be effective and superior to conventional radiographic tool and more useful in diagnosing the nature of cysts and tumors pre-operatively. Conclusion: CBCT gray value can be considered as a major tool in diagnosis of cyst and tumor and other soft or hard tissue lesion without any microscopic evaluation. CBCT gray scale measurement is superior to conventional intraoral radiographic methods for diagnosing the nature of lytic lesion of jaw

Sunburst appearance in odontogenic myxoma of mandible: A radiological diagnostic challenge

Odontogenic myxoma in the jaws is infrequent, accounting for only 3%-6% of odontogenic tumours. The radiological appearance of this tumor is complicated and there exist controversies regarding its internal structure and locularity. The "sunray" or "sunburst" appearance in Odontogenic myxoma has been reported in the literature although rarely. Here we report a case of odontogenic myxoma in the mandible showing sunburst appearance which posed a diagnostic dilemma for the oral radiologists. We also emphasize the usefulness of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of such lesions

A multilocular radiolucency of mandible as the first evidence of multiple myeloma: A clinico-radiographic case report

The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) affecting the jaws is 30% and on rare occasions the oral involvement can be the first indication of the disease. Authors report a case of MM in a 40-year-old woman who presented with a multilocular radiolucent lesion in the left mandible initially mistaken as an ameloblastoma. Conventional radiographs revealed a multilocular lesion on the molar region. Computed tomography (CT) and 3 dimensional CT revealed lytic, space occupying lesion perforating the inferior cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hypointense lesion on T1 weighted image and hyperintense lesion on T2 weighted image. Histopathological and lab investigations lead to the diagnosis of MM. MRI is superior in depicting the size of the lesion as compared to CT and conventional radiographs

Ultrasonography with color Doppler and power Doppler in the diagnosis of periapical lesions

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) with color Doppler and power Doppler applications over conventional radiography in the diagnosis of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients having inflammatory periapical lesions of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth and requiring endodontic surgery were selected for inclusion in this study. All patients consented to participate in the study. We used conventional periapical radiographs as well as USG with color Doppler and power Doppler for the diagnosis of these lesions. Their diagnostic performances were compared against histopathologic examination. All data were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: USG examination with color Doppler and power Doppler identified 29 (19 cysts and 10 granulomas) of 30 periapical lesions accurately, with a sensitivity of 100% for cysts and 90.91% for granulomas and a specificity of 90.91% for cysts and 100% for granulomas. In comparison, conventional intraoral radiography identified only 21 lesions (sensitivity of 78.9% for cysts and 45.4% for granulomas and specificity of 45.4% for cysts and 78.9% for granulomas). There was definite correlation between the echotexture of the lesions and the histopathological features except in one case. Conclusions: USG imaging with color Doppler and power Doppler is superior to conventional intraoral radiographic methods for diagnosing the nature of periapical lesions in the anterior jaws. This study reveals the potential of USG examination in the study of other jaw lesions