HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS FRUITS AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of fruits of Alstonia scholaris was evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The toxicant CCL4 was used to induce hepatotoxicity at a dose of 2 ml/kg as 1:1 mixture with olive oil. The ethanolic extract of fruits of Alstonia scholaris was administered in the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by the assessment of biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, SALKP, total bilirubin and histopathological studies of the liver. Treatment of animals with the ethanolic extract significantly reduced the liver damage and the symptoms of liver injury by restoration of architecture of liver as indicated by lower levels of serum bilirubin as compared with the normal and silymarin treated groups

THE SURVEY OF CANCER PATIENTS IN THE REGION OF GUNTUR: BASED ON HOSPITAL REGISTRY

Objective: This survey was conducted to estimate the number of cancer patients in the region of Guntur-based on sex, age and cancer groups. The data were obtained from the hospital-based registries from Bommidala Cancer Institute, NRI Hospital, Balaji Cancer Care Center, and Govt. General Hospital, which was scrutinized and analysed.Methods: The hospital registry entry was considered suitable for assessing the cancer cases in the region of Guntur. In addition, data of NCRP were utilised for comparing the obtained results.Results: The data comprehensively constitutes of 309 patients. Out of which men were 74 (23.95%), and women were 235 (76.05%) who had obtained treatment for various cancer conditions between March-May, 2016. In these hospitals, cancers pertaining to the cervix-83 (31.32%), breast-52 (19.62%), ovary–17 (6.41%), lymphoid-11 (4.15%), pharynx-10 (3.77%), endometrium-10 (3.77%), astrocytoma-08 (3.02%), colon-07 (2.64%), larynx-06 (2.26%), rectum–06 (2.26%), oesophagus–05 (1.88%), post cricoids-04 (1.50%), stomach–04 (1.50%), liver–03 (1.13%) were the leading sites in order. While among these cases, radiation therapy patients were 194 (62.78%), chemotherapy patients were 78 (25.24%), and surgery patients were 37 (11.97 %).Conclusion: Survey reports the highest incidence of cancer cases to be cervix cancer among the women while it was pharyngeal cancer which precedes lung cancer among the men. This hospital-based registry survey is a report that provided internal consistency, reliability and validity

Brief survey on divisor graphs and divisor function graphs

AbstractNumber theoretic graphs are one of the emerging fields in Graph theory. This article is a study on existing research results on Number theoretic graphs, especially on Divisor Graphs [Formula: see text], Divisor Function Graphs (DFGs) and Divisor Cayley Graphs (DCGs). We have provided a brief survey on the benchmark findings regarding the above-mentioned graphs

On computation of neighbourhood degree sum-based topological indices for zinc-based metal–organic frameworks

The permeable materials known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have a large porosity volume, excellent chemical stability, and a unique structure that results from the potent interactions between metal ions and organic ligands. Work on the synthesis, architectures, and properties of various MOFs reveals their utility in a variety of applications, including energy storage devices with suitable electrode materials, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, and chemical assessment. A topological index, which is a numerical invariant, predicts the physicochemical properties of chemical entities based on the underlying molecular graph or framework. In this article, we consider two different zinc-based MOFs, namely zinc oxide and zinc silicate MOFs. We compute 14 neighbourhood degree sum-based topological indices for these frameworks, and the numerical and graphical representations of all the aforementioned 14 indices are made

In vitro

The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize controlled-release matrix tablets of zidovudine using hydrophilic HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 alone or in combination with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. Release kinetics was evaluated by using USP XXIV dissolution apparatus No.2 (paddle) type. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effect of dissolution medium on matrix tablet surface. The in vitro results of controlled – release zidovudine tablets were compared with conventional marketed tablet Zidovir. The in vitro drug release study revealed that HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 preparation was able to sustain the drug release near to 6 hours. Combining HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 with ethyl cellulose sustained the drug release for nearly 12 h. The in vitro evaluation showed that the drug release may be by diffusion along with erosion. Results suggest that the developed controlled-release tablets of zidovudine could perform therapeutically better than marketed dosage forms, leading to improve efficacy, controlling the release and better patient compliance

Role of diacylglycerol kinase in autophagy, ER biogenesis, and triterpene metabolism

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used for producing various triterpenes by exploiting its native mevalonate/ergosterol pathway. Yeasts that accumulate phospholipids can produce more triterpenes. Our recent study demonstrated that a high phospholipid-accumulating yeast phenotype, as in spt10Δ yeast, results in increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) biogenesis, resulting in ER expansion. However, the spt10Δ strain also exhibits high reticulophagy. Dgk1 (diacylglycerol kinase) is an important enzyme in lipid metabolism, which synthesizes phosphatidic acid (PA) by phosphorylating diacylglycerol (DG). We demonstrate that spt10Δ yeast with increased Dgk1 activity offer two desired results, (i) a highly expanded ER, due to redirection of the lipid pathway away from triglycerides towards phospholipid synthesis, increasing ER biogenesis; and (ii) decreased reticulophagy, by increasing the PA pool that activates TOR complex-mediated autophagy suppression. It was speculated that more ER-bound pathway enzymes can fit in the expanded ER, and the mevalonate-ergosterol pathway, being ER bound, might have higher activity. This was demonstrated by the co-expression of Dgk1 and plant triterpene synthase in spt10Δ yeast, which shows a high accumulation of plant triterpene

Synthesis and some reactions of benzofuran analogues of 2-aminochalcones

587-591The synthesis of a series of 1-(3-amino-2-benzofuryl)-3-aryl-2-propen-1-ones 3a-h, the benzofuran analogues of 2-aminochalcones, and their conversion into 2-aryl-1,4-dihydrobenzofuro[2,3-b]pyridin-4-ones  9a-c and 1,2,3,4- tetrahydrobenzofuro[2,3-b] pyridin-4-ones 5a-h by intramolecular Michael addition are reported. <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#1c1c1c;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#3f3f3f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#1c1c1c;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; 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font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#3f3f3f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#1c1c1c;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#3f3f3f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#1c1c1c;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#3f3f3f;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; 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Nonlinear modeling of oral glucose tolerance test response to evaluate associations with aging outcomes.

As people age, their ability to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors diminishes. Physical frailty, a syndrome characterized by loss of resilience to stressors, is thought to emerge due to dysregulation of and breakdowns in communication among key physiological systems. Dynamical systems modeling of these physiological systems aims to model the underlying processes that govern response to stressors. We hypothesize that dynamical systems model summaries are predictive of age-related declines in health and function. In this study, we analyze data obtained during 75-gram oral-glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) on 1,120 adults older than 50 years of age from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. We adopt a two-stage modeling approach. First, we fit OGTT curves with the Ackerman model-a nonlinear, parametric model of the glucose-insulin system-and with functional principal components analysis. We then fit linear and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate whether usual gait speed and survival are associated with the stage-one model summaries. We also develop recommendations for identifying inadequately-fitting nonlinear model fits in a cohort setting with numerous heterogeneous response curves. These recommendations include: (1) defining a constrained parameter space that ensures biologically plausible model fits, (2) evaluating the relative discrepancy between predicted and observed responses of biological interest, and (3) identifying model fits that have notably poor model fit summary measures, such as [Formula: see text], relative to other fits in the cohort. The Ackerman model was unable to adequately fit 36% of the OGTT curves. The stage-two regression analyses found no associations between Ackerman model summaries and usual gait speed, nor with survival. The second functional principal component score was associated with faster gait speed (p<0.01) and improved survival (p<0.01)

Expression and Function of the Homeostatic Molecule Del-1 in Endothelial Cells and the Periodontal Tissue

Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein that limits the recruitment of neutrophils by antagonizing the interaction between the LFA-1 integrin on neutrophils and the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on endothelial cells. Mice with genetic or age-associated Del-1 deficiency exhibit increased neutrophil infiltration in the periodontium resulting in inflammatory bone loss. Here we investigated additional novel mechanisms whereby Del-1 could interfere with neutrophil recruitment and inflammation. Treatment of human endothelial cells with Del-1 did not affect the expression of endothelial molecules involved in the leukocyte adhesion cascade (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin). Moreover, genetic or age-associated Del-1 deficiency did not significantly alter the expression of these adhesion molecules in the murine periodontium, further ruling out altered adhesion molecule expression as a mechanism whereby Del-1 regulates leukocyte recruitment. Strikingly, Del-1 inhibited ICAM-1-dependent chemokine release (CXCL2, CCL3) by neutrophils. Therefore, Del-1 could potentially suppress the amplification of inflammatory cell recruitment mediated through chemokine release by infiltrating neutrophils. Interestingly, Del-1 was itself regulated by inflammatory stimuli, which generally exerted opposite effects on adhesion molecule expression. The reciprocal regulation between Del-1 and inflammation may contribute to optimally balance the protective and the potentially harmful effects of inflammatory cell recruitment