Tehnička svojstva zrna pirinča

Engineering properties of rice is essential for designing of storage bin. The physical properties of rice (ADT-43) namely, size, shape, thousand grains mass, aspect ratio, surface area, volume, bulk density, true density and porosity at moisture content ranging from 11.55 to 26.84% (db) were determined using standard techniques for development of ozone based storage bin. In this case, thousand grains mass, surface area and volume increased from 10.70 to 14.59 g, 14.58 to 16.94 mm2 and 3.78 to 4.76 mm3, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.55 to 26.84% (db). Geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density and porosity increased from 2.30 to 2.48 mm, 0.45 to 0.46, 33.10 to 34.66%, 961.89 to 975.24 kg·m-3 and 26.97 to 29.66%, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.55 to 26.84% (db). These properties are very essential for designing of different parts of ozone based storage bin.Tehnička svojstva pirinča su osnova za projektovanje skladišnog rezervoara. Sledeća svojstva pirinča (ADT-43): dimenzije, oblik, masa hiljadu zrna, površina, zapremina, gustina mase, stvarna gustina i poroznost, pri vlažnosti od 11.55 do 26.84% (db), određivane su standardnim tehnikama za razvoj ozonskog skladišnog rezervoara. U ovom slučaju, masa hiljadu zrna, površina i zapremina porasli su sa 10.70 na 14.59 g, 14.58 na 16.94 mm2 i 3.78 na 4.76 mm3, redom, sa povećanjem sadržaja vlage sa 11.55 na 26.84% (db). Geometrijski srednji prečnik, sveričnost, stvarna gustina i poroznost su se povećali sa 2.30 na 2.48 mm, 0.45 na 0.46, 33.10 na 34.66%, 961.89 na 975.24 kg·m-3 i 26.97 na 29.66%, redom, sa povećanjem sadržaja vlage sa 11.55 na 26.84% (db). Ova svojstva su osnov za konstruisanje različitih delova ozonskog skladišnog rezervoara

Determination of Stress Intensity Factor of Banana Fibre Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite Using Finite Element Method

In the current scene on material field, designers are focusing on the development of lightweight, high strength, recyclable and environment friendly materials. Due to increasing environmental admiration, ecological concerns and new statutory laws, natural fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites have found increasing attention from the recent decades. Past studies show that synthetic and natural fibres such as glass, carbon, jute, coir etc., have been used in fibre reinforced polymer matrix composite. In this work, banana fibre is used as reinforcement. An investigation is carried out to make use of banana fibre made hybrid polymer matrix composite. Bio-degradable polymer like Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in different percentage is used with General Purpose (GP) resin to make a hybrid polymer matrix. This work intends to study the fracture analysis of composite by using experimental and Finite Element methods. The critical stress intensity factor (KIC or critical SIF) has been evaluated and validated

Endogenous adenine mediates kidney injury in diabetic models and predicts diabetic kidney disease in patients

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality; however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high-risk patients, especially those without macroalbuminuria. Urine from participants with diabetes from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D), and the American Indian Study determined whether urine adenine/creatinine ratio (UAdCR) could be a mechanistic biomarker for ESKD. ESKD and mortality were associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in the CRIC study and SMART2D. ESKD was associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in patients without macroalbuminuria in the CRIC study, SMART2D, and the American Indian study. Empagliflozin lowered UAdCR in nonmacroalbuminuric participants. Spatial metabolomics localized adenine to kidney pathology, and single-cell transcriptomics identified ribonucleoprotein biogenesis as a top pathway in proximal tubules of patients without macroalbuminuria, implicating mTOR. Adenine stimulated matrix in tubular cells via mTOR and stimulated mTOR in mouse kidneys. A specific inhibitor of adenine production was found to reduce kidney hypertrophy and kidney injury in diabetic mice. We propose that endogenous adenine may be a causative factor in DKD.</p

Endogenous adenine mediates kidney injury in diabetic models and predicts diabetic kidney disease in patients

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality; however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high-risk patients, especially those without macroalbuminuria. Urine from participants with diabetes from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D), and the American Indian Study determined whether urine adenine/creatinine ratio (UAdCR) could be a mechanistic biomarker for ESKD. ESKD and mortality were associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in the CRIC study and SMART2D. ESKD was associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in patients without macroalbuminuria in the CRIC study, SMART2D, and the American Indian study. Empagliflozin lowered UAdCR in nonmacroalbuminuric participants. Spatial metabolomics localized adenine to kidney pathology, and single-cell transcriptomics identified ribonucleoprotein biogenesis as a top pathway in proximal tubules of patients without macroalbuminuria, implicating mTOR. Adenine stimulated matrix in tubular cells via mTOR and stimulated mTOR in mouse kidneys. A specific inhibitor of adenine production was found to reduce kidney hypertrophy and kidney injury in diabetic mice. We propose that endogenous adenine may be a causative factor in DKD.</p

Značajne tehničke karakteristike zrna pirinča

Engineering properties of paddy is essential for designing of storage bin. The physical properties of paddy (ADT-43) namely, size, shape, thousand paddies mass, aspect ratio, surface area, volume, bulk density, true density and porosity at moisture contents ranging from 11.86 to 23.61% d.b. were determined using standard techniques and these effects on storage chamber design ware evaluated. In the case, thousand paddy mass, surface area and volume increased from 18.24 to 24.07 g, 28.91 to 31.82 mm2 and 17.55 to 20.52 mm3, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.86 to 23.61% d.b. Equivalent diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio and bulk density increased from 3.22 to 3.39, 0.41 to 0.42, 30.55 to 31.91% and 568 to 613 kg•m-3, respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.86 to 23.61% d.b. Porosity and true density decreased from 46.82 to 38.27% and 1069 to 994 kg•m-3 respectively, with an increase in moisture content from 11.86 to 23.61%.Tehničke karakteristike pirinča su osnove za konstruisanje skladišta. Fizičke osobine pirinča (ADT-43), koje čine: veličina, oblik, masa hiljadu zrna, odnos širine i dužine zrna, površina, zapremina, gustina rasute mase, gustina zrna i poroznost, pri sadržaju vlage od 11.86 do 23.61% , određene su standardnim tehnikama, a zatim su ocenjeni njihovi uticaji na skladišnu komoru. U ovom slučaju, masa hiljadu zrna, površina i zapremina porasle su sa 18.24 na 24.07 g, 28.91 na 31.82 mm2 i 17.55 na 20.52 mm3, redom, sa povećanjem sadržaja vlage sa 11.86 na 23.61%. Ekvivalentni prečnik, sveričnost, odnos širine i dužine i gustina rasute mase porasli su sa 3.22 na 3.39, 0.41 na 0.42, 30.55 na 31.91% i 568 na 613 kg•m-3, redom, sa povećanjem sadržaja vlage sa 11.86 na 23.61%. Poroznost i gustina zrna smanjile su se sa 46.82 na 38.27% i 1069 na 994 kg•m-3, redom, sa povećanjem vlage sa 11.86 na 23.61%

Furijeova transformacija spektroskopije u bliskoj infracrvenoj oblasti za nedestruktivno i brzo merenje sadržaja vlage u zrnu pirinča

The accurate measurement of moisture content of paddy is essential for the effective supervision of its quality. The feasibility of measuring moisture content in paddy was investigated by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic technique. A calibration model was developed using paddy standards of varying moisture content in the near-infrared region (4000–12000 cm-1). The developed model was validated. FT-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics, using the PLS–first derivative plus vector normalization method could predict the moisture content in paddy samples accurately up to an correlation coefficient (R2) value greater than 0.97, RPD (residual predictive deviation) greater than 6 and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) value less than 0.5 with 5 factors in the prediction model. The developed model was applied to predict moisture content in paddy samples within 10-12 seconds. The developed procedure was further validated by recovery studies by comparing with oven method and indirect method (digital moisture meter) of moisture determination.Tačno merenje sadržaja vlage u celom zrnu pirinča je osnova efikasne kontrole njegovog kvaliteta. Primenjivost merenja vlage u celom zrnu pirinča bilo je ispitivano Furijeovom transformacijom sprektroskopske tehnike u bliskoj infracrvenoj oblasti (FT-NIR). Kalibracioni model je razvijen upotrebom standarda variranja sadržaja vlage za pirinač u bliskoj IC oblasti (4000–12000 cm-1). Razvijeni model je ocenjen. FT-NIR spektroskopija sa hemometrijom, upotrebom PLS–prvih derivata plus metod normalizacije vektora može da predvidi sadržaj vlage u uzorcima pirinča sa tačnošću do koeficijenta korelacije (R2) većeg od 0.97, RPD (rezidualna devijacija predviđanja) veća od 6 i greška korena srednjeg kvadrata unakrsne validacije (RMSECV) manja od 0.5 sa 5 faktora u prediktivnom modelu. Razvijeni model bio je primenjen da predvidi sadržaj vlage u uzorcima pirinča za 10-12 sekundi. Razvijeni postupak dalje je ocenjivana povratnim studijama poređenjem sa metodom rerne i indirektnim metodom (digitalni merač vlage) za određivanje vlažnosti

Furijeova transformacija - spektroskopija u bliskoj infracrvenoj oblasti za brzo i nedestruktivno merenje sadržaja amiloze u zrnu pirinča

The quality and quantity of amylose are two important factors that determine the quality of paddy. The feasibility of developing a technique for rapid monitoring of paddy quality by using Fourier Transform - Near Infrared (FT-NIR) Spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was investigated. Spectra of 250 paddy samples were collected by using an integrating sphere accessory. The amylose content was analyzed by reference method. It ranged from 13.24 to 27.93%. The spectral data was analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) algorithm and calibration model generated. Correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration model was >0.78 with root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) 0.72 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) 0.78 sa srednjim kvadratom odstupanja 0.72 i srednji kvadrat odstupanja unakrsne procene < 2. FT-NIR spektroskopijom su identifikovani uzorci koji sadrže amilozu sa talasnim brojevima 5184 i 6834 cm-1. Tako je razvijen brz, jednostavan i pouzdan metod određivanja sadržaja amiloze

Razvoj PLS modela za brzo određivanje sadržaja proteina u pirinču upotrebom furijeove transformacije – bliska infracrvena spektroskopija

This study attempted the feasibility to use near infrared spectroscopy as a nondestructive analysis method to qualitative and quantitative assessment of rice quality of Central Warehousing Corporation, India. A PLS model were developed using rice standards of different concentrations in the near-infrared region (4.000–12.000 cm-1). The developed models ware authenticated using test validation technique. FT-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics, using the PLS–first derivative plus vector normalization method could predict the protein content of stored rice samples accurately up to an correlation coefficient (R2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) values were 0,98 and 7,21, respectively. The error values such as root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) were 0,28 and 0,25, respectively, with 11 factors in the prediction model. The developed model was applied to predict protein content in rice samples within 15 seconds. The developed procedure was further validated by recovery studies by comparing with micro Kjeldahl method of protein determination. These results show that NIR spectroscopy could hold up traditional techniques in studying qualitative assessment of rice.Ovim istraživanjem je primenjena mogućnost upotrebe bliske infracrvene spektroskopije kao nedestruktivne analitičke metode za kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu procenu kvaliteta pirinča. PLS model je razvijen upotrebom pirinča sa različitim koncentracijama u bliskoj infracrvenoj oblasti (4.000–12.000 cm-1). Razvijeni modeli su provereni tehnikom validacionog testa. FT-NIR spektroskopija sa hemometrijom, korišćenjem metoda PLS-prvog derivate plus vektroske normalizacije, može predvideti sadržaj proteina uskladištenog pirinča, sa koeficijentom korelacije (R2) i rezidualnom prediktivnom devijacijom (RPD) od 0.98 i 7.21, redom. Mere greške, kao srednja kvadratna greška unakrsne validacije (RMSECV) i srednja kvadratna greška procene (RMSEE) bile su 0.28 i 0.25, redom. Razvijeni model je bio primenjen za procenu sadržaja protein u uzorku pirinča u roku od 15 sekundi. Postupak je dalje ocenjivan poređenjem sa mikro Kjeldahl metodom određivanja proteina. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da NIR spektroskopija može da podrži tradicionalne tehnike kvalitativne analize pirinča