CALLUS INDUCTION, PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DECALEPIS ARAYALPATHRA (JOSEPH AND CHANDRAS) VENTER

Objective: The aim of the present study was designed for the induction of callus from leaf explants of Decalepis arayalpathra (D. arayalpathra) and to analyse their phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity.Methods: The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and later subcultured to the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The phytochemical constituents were analysed in the different solvent extracts using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the different solvent extracts was carried out using agar well diffusion method against reference standards. Results: Callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combination of auxins and cytokinins. Maximum callus induction was noticed on media supplemented with 2, 4-D (2 mg/l) and BAP (1 mg/l)+NAA (0.5 mg/l) respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids and terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and quinone etc. All the solvent extracts showed varying degree of antibacterial activities against the bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus). The maximum antibacterial activity of leaf was observed in aqueous (Klebsiella pneumoniae, 19.00±1.00) and methanolic extract (Klebsiella pneumoniae, 18.33±1.15). Whereas petroleum ether extract of the callus showed maximum inhibition (Bacillus subtilis, 17.00±1.00) compare to other extracts.Conclusion: The study revealed the presence of secondary metabolites in the leaf and callus extracts of D. arayalpathra. The methanolic extracts possess higher antibacterial activity compared to other solvent extracts. However, further studies have to be carried out for the isolation and identification of antimicrobial compounds against pathogens

Effect of Elicitors treated callus of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg. on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HEP-2 and PC-3 cells

To investigate the anticancer effect of methanolic leaf and elicitor treated callus extracts of Baliospermum montanum against Hep-2 and PC-3 cells. Different doses (320µg/ml to 10µg/ml) of extracts were treated and viability of cells was measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated using annexin V apoptosis detection kit and AO/EB staining. The methanolic extract of elicitor treated callus showed dose dependent inhibition against Hep-2 and PC-3 cells compared to leaf extract. The flow cytometry analysis showed that leaf extract induced apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase against Hep-2 cells. Whereas in PC-3 cells, methanolic extracts of leaf and treated callus showed significant results by arresting the cells in S and G2/M phase. Our study suggest that the methanolic extracts of treated callus showed potential anticancer activity through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Hep-2 and PC-3 cells

Organogenesis from the cultures of <i style="">Nothapodytes foetida</i> (Wight) Sleumer raised on TDZ supplemented media

205-209Mature embryos of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS), modified MS (MMS) and Phillips and Collins (L2) media supplemented with TDZ either alone or with BAP and L-glutamine. Both shoot proliferation from the apical region of shoots and differentiation of shoots from the callus were observed from the cultures depending on the type of medium and the hormone combination. Proliferation of shoots from the apical region of shoots and also organogenesis from the callus, formed at the transition zone of primary root and hypocotyl of the young seedling, was obtained on L2+TDZ (0.44 µM)+BAP (2.22 µM)+L-glutamine (0.03 mM). Regeneration from the callus cultures was reported for the first time. The dual role of TDZ in promoting proliferation of shoots and shoot differentiation from the callus, along with beneficial effects of cytokinin and L-glutamine on the morphogenesis, was discussed

Chonemorpha grandiflora extract mediated synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles for its anticancer, electrical and dielectric applications

A phytosynthesis method is a nontoxic and environmentally friendly approach. We successfully synthesized the spherical Ag-ZnO nanoparticles via phytosynthesis method using Chonemorpha grandiflora leaf extract. The Scherrer's equation revealed the average crystallite size in the range of 20-35 nm which is in good agreement with TEM results. Adsorption peak was found at 380 nm using Diffused reflectance spectra and energy band gap is found to be 3.08-3.18 eV using Kubelka-Munk function. In vitro viability studies on MCF7, HCT116 and A 549 cell lines showed dose-dependent toxicity. Dielectric applications were investigated in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 8MHzat room temperature using LCR meter. The dielectric parameters of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles increased with Ag concentration and decrease with frequency. This behavior may be due to the decrease in the concentration of Ag in ZnO host material. Further, there is an increase inAC electrical conductivity with adding Ag concentration and at higher frequencies which is due to the increase of available charge carriers. The DC conductivity of samples increases from 2.6. x. 10(-5) Sm-1 to 2 x 10(-4) Sm-1 with the increasing Ag content and is highest for 0.1 content

Costus Pictus Leaf Extract Mediated Biosynthesis of Fe and Mg Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Structural, Electrochemical and Antibacterial Analysis

In the present paper, we portray a novel and rapid green extract assisted combustion synthesis for the preparation of pure, Mg doped CuO and Fe doped CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using different concentrations of Costus pictus leaf extract (20 ml, 40 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml). The structural morphology of these NPs was investigated by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Using the Rietveld refinement method XRD patterns were refined which specified the formation of the monoclinic structure without any multiphase and also confirmed that Mg and Fe ions are successfully doped into CuO crystal lattice by occupying Cu ionic sites. Finally, versatile investigations of antibacterial susceptibility and electrochemical sensing were carried over the CuO NPs