Functional and Radiological outcome of Kienbock’s disease treated with vascularized bone grafting from distal Radius

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our research is to study if Vascularized bone grafting from distal radius effectively relieves pain and restores wrist function and return to near normal activities in Kienbock’s disease. The specific objectives include: 1. To assess pain relief, 2. To assess improvement in Range of movement, 3. To assess any change in Carpal height ratio, 4. To assess functional outcome with Modified Mayo wrist Score. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent distal radius vascularized bone grafting for Kienbock’s disease in Paul Brand centre for Hand and leprosy Reconsrtuctive Surgery from 1998 to March 2013. Demographic data including history of trauma, ulnar variance, duration of symptoms, preoperative pain intensity with VAS scale and Preoperative Carpal Height ratio and Stage of disease are collected and follow-up period was studied. Donor Vessel of grafting recorded. Post-operative Plain radiographs were used to assess revascularization of the lunate with Carpal Height Ratio. Functional outcome was assessed with Modified Mayo Wrist Score and graded as excellent, good,satisfactory and poor and compared with similar studies by other authors RESULTS: The average postoperative pain intensity is 1 whereas preoperative pain intensity was 6 and there was statistically significant pain relief with P value 0.001. Average preoperative volar flexion and dorsiflexion are 47 and 52 whereas postoperative are 41 and 44. There is decrease in range of movement postoperatively which is not statistically significant. The average preoperative Carpal Height ratio was 0.45 while postoperative was 0.49. Improvement in Carpal Height Ratio was statistically significant with P value 0.001. Among the 13 patients in the study 2 (15%) had excellent outcome, 7 (54%) had good outcome and 3 (23%) had satisfactory outcome. Only 1 (8%) patient had poor outcome. This was similar to the published literature with more than 85% of patients had excellent to satisfactory results. One patient had closed extensor rupture post-operatively in our series. No history of any other complications. Vascularized bone grafting from distal radius for Kienbock’s disease provides good pain relief and prevents further collapse of lunate and in most of the patient restores preoperative employment status. CONCLUSION: Distal radius vascularized bone grafting for kienbock’s disease as an effective treatment method. The most commonly used 4+5 ECA vascularized radius graft requires less extensive dissection with preservation of the radiocarpal palmar stabilizing ligaments and technically easier than Zaidemberg’s procedure which was used initially for revascularization. Attractive procedure for either ulna neutral or positive ulna variant. Temporary unloading of the lunate with either scapholunate or scapho-capitatetrans fixation procedure should be done along with vascularized bone grafting of lunate to facilitate revascularization of the Lunate. In long term follow-up there was only minimal improvement in radiological parameters like carpal height ratio. But satisfactory functional results was obtained in most of the patients. Vascularized bone grafting will continue to play a role in Kienbock’s disease treatment

Diseño y caracterización del sistema de administración flotante de fármacos de domperidona-famotidina combinatoria. Estudios in vitro e in vivo

Introducción: Los inconvenientes de la administración oral pueden controlarse o minimizarse mediante formulaciones gastro-retentivas que permanecen flotantes dentro del estómago durante un tiempo prolongado al proporcionar una retención gástrica prolongada y liberan el fármaco de una manera excesivamente prolongada mejorando así la biodisponibilidad. La investigación actual fue desarrollar y optimizar las tabletas flotantes de domperidona y famotidina con liberación prolongada mediante el enfoque Calidad por diseño. Método: Basado en QTPP (Perfil de producto objetivo de calidad), se identificaron CQA (Atributos críticos de calidad). El análisis de riesgos mediante la evaluación de los parámetros de formulación y proceso mostró que la optimización de los niveles de polímeros podría reducir el alto riesgo para lograr el perfil objetivo. Se seleccionó un diseño experimental de 2 factores de nivel 3 con puntos medios para el análisis estadístico y la optimización. Resultados: HPMC K100, Carbopol 934P tuvo un efecto positivo y la etilcelulosa tuvo un efecto negativo sobre las respuestas seleccionadas. La cinética de liberación del fármaco siguió a la liberación de primer orden con difusión de Higuchi y difusión de Fickian. Se seleccionó y evaluó una fórmula optimizada que satisfacía todos los parámetros requeridos. Los valores de respuesta previstos estaban en estrecha concordancia con los valores de respuesta experimental. Las imágenes de rayos X abdominales después de la administración oral de las tabletas en el estómago sano del conejo confirmaron el comportamiento de flotación prolongado con un tiempo de retraso más corto. Losin vivo estudios farmacocinéticosen conejos revelaron que la formulación optimizada exhibía una liberación prolongada del fármaco con una mayor Cmax, tmax, AUCo-t y t1 / 2 del producto Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la aplicación de Quality by Design en la formulación y optimización redujo el número de ensayos para producir una fórmula rentable.Introduction: The drawbacks assosiated with oral administration of drugscan be controlled or minimized by gastro retentive formulations that remain buoyant within the stomach for an extended time by providing prolonged gastric retention and releasethe drug in an exceedingly extended manner thereby improving bioavailability. The current research was to develop and optimize Domperidone and Famotidine floating tablets with extended release by Quality by Design approach. Method: Based on QTPP (Quality Target Product Profile), CQAs (Critical Quality Attributes)wereidentified. Risk analysis by the evaluation of formulation and process parameters showed that optimizing the levels of polymers could reduce high risk to achieve the target profile. A 23 factor experimental design with midpoints was selected for statistical analysis and optimization. Results: HPMC K100 and Carbopol 934P had a positive effect while ethyl cellulose demonstrated a negative effect on the selected responses. Drug release kinetics followed the first-order release with Higuchi diffusion and Fickian diffusion. Optimized formula satisfying all the required parameters was selected and evaluated. The predicted response values were in close agreement with experimental response values. Abdominal X-ray imaging after oral administration of the tablets on a healthy rabbit’s stomach confirmed the extended floating behavior with shorter lag time. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits revealed that the optimized formulation exhibited prolonged drug release with enhanced Cmax, tmax, AUCo-t, and t1/2of an optimized product when compared to the marketed product. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the application of Quality by Design in the formulation and optimization reduced the number of trials to produce a cost-effective formula

General Mutual Exclusion Primitive

Computer Scienc

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF QUETIAPINE FUMARATE MICROEMULSIONS: A NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: In the present study, the main objective is to improve solubility and bioavailability of Quetiapine fumarate by formulation into micro emulsion. Method: The Quetiapine fumarate micro emulsion was formulated by using mixture of Isopropyl myristate and oleic acid as oil phase, Tween-80 as surfactant, Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol mixture as co-surfactant by phase titration method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for Limpidity (% transmittance), droplet size, Zeta potential, Electrical conductivity, Rheology, pH, percentage of drug (assay), emulsifying time, in vitro drug diffusion studies and ex vivo permeation studies. Results and conclusion: The Optimized micro emulsion (Micro emulsion 11) formulation containing Quetiapine fumarate (25mg), Surfactant mixture (50%w/w), Oil (12%w/w) and distilled water (38%w/w) has a droplet size of 26.70 nm with a zeta potential of -5.62 millivolts. The micro emulsion was characterized and compared with the pure drug suspension. Microemulsion showed 31.25 fold increased solubility than that of pure drug suspension. In vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation study results were comparable and correlative. The Microemulsion 11 formulation showed 1.4763 times more drug release than that of pure drug suspension. The formulation was found to be stable for three months. Keywords: Microemulsion, Phase titration method, Quetiapine Fumarate,  Emulsifying time

Optimization of osmotic dehydration in dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) slices using response surface methodology

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is emerging as a super crop because of its several health and therapeutic benefits and ease of cultivation even in degraded land. Using response surface approach, the process parameters for osmotic dehydration of dragon fruit slices included process temperature, syrup concentration and process time. Slices of size 20 x 20 x 5 mm were dipped into sugar syrup with a syrup to dragon fruit slice ratio of 4:1 (w/w). After osmotic dehydration, the initial moisture content of dragon fruit samples was reduced to 27.5-68.49% (wb), demonstrating water loss, solid gain, and mass reduction in the range of 18.01-65.9%, 6.3-17.9% and 9.31-50.6%, respectively. After statistical analysis of the data on water loss, solid gain, and weight reduction, it was shown that regression equations of second order provided the greatest match for all the experimental data. With a syrup to fruit ratio of 4:1 and a syrup concentration of 65.3° Brix at a syrup temperature of 56.5°C, a maximum water loss of 58.2% and a minimum solid gain of 7.7% were expected to occur in 240 minutes of osmotic dehydration

Design and development of learning model for compression and processing of deoxyribonucleic acid genome sequence

Owing to the substantial volume of human genome sequence data files (from 30-200 GB exposed) Genomic data compression has received considerable traction and storage costs are one of the major problems faced by genomics laboratories. This involves a modern technology of data compression that reduces not only the storage but also the reliability of the operation. There were few attempts to solve this problem independently of both hardware and software. A systematic analysis of associations between genes provides techniques for the recognition of operative connections among genes and their respective yields, as well as understandings into essential biological events that are most important for knowing health and disease phenotypes. This research proposes a reliable and efficient deep learning system for learning embedded projections to combine gene interactions and gene expression in prediction comparison of deep embeddings to strong baselines. In this paper we preform data processing operations and predict gene function, along with gene ontology reconstruction and predict the gene interaction. The three major steps of genomic data compression are extraction of data, storage of data, and retrieval of the data. Hence, we propose a deep learning based on computational optimization techniques which will be efficient in all the three stages of data compression

PROTECTED FACTS RECOVERY USED FOR DECENTRALIZED INTERFERENCE CHARITABLE SERVICES NETWORKS

We present ingenious recovery of understanding by way of CE for decentralized disruption-tolerant systems were introduced where numerous key government physiques control their attributes individually. The suggested technique of key generation made up of personal key generation adopted by protocols of attribute key generation it exploits arithmetic secure two-party computation procedure to get rid of key escrow difficulty by which nobody of presidency physiques can conclude whole crucial aspects of users individually. Attribute-basis system of file encryption assists an access control above encrypted information by way of access policies among cipher-texts. We've broaden a disparity within the CE formula partly according to Beth escort et al.’s building to improve expressiveness of access control policy as opposed to construction in the novel CE system on your own. The confidentiality of understanding is cryptographically forced against interested key government physiques inside the forecasted plan. Setback of key escrow is intrinsic to make sure that key authority decrypts each cipher-text that's addressed to users in system by way of generating their secret keys at any instance and additionally the issue was resolved to make certain that privacy of stored facts are assured still underneath the hostile atmosphere where key government physiques very might be not completely reliable

Physico Chemical Parameters of Muskmelon Juice Enriched with Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

The spoilage of muskmelons was rapid due to early maturity of the fruits after immediate harvest before consumption. To minimise the postharvest losses, especially in horticultural crops, food processing and value addition to the produce plays lot of role and the losses can be minimised. Keeping in view, the experiment was planned to prepare muskmelon fruit juice fortified with four different species of lactic acid bacteria viz., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum MTCC 9511, Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC 10307, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus casei MTCC 1423. The survivability of lactobacilli and physicochemical parameters were studied during fermentation of the fruit juice. Drop in pH levels from initial pH was recorded in all muskmelon fruit juice samples incubated at two different temperatures (30°C and 37°C) more than 72 hours. But titratable acidity was increased in all muskmelon fruit juice samples incubated at two different temperatures (30°C and 37°C). The fruit juice containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum MTCC 9511 (T4) recorded lower pH levels and maximum titratable acidity, total phenolic content and more viable cells compared to other species of lactobacilli. Sensory evaluation was conducted randomly for all the samples and no significant difference was observed