A preliminary analysis of the Mariner 10 color ratio map of Mercury

A preliminary geological analysis of the Mariner 10 orange/UV color ratio map of Mercury is given, assuming a basaltic crust. Certain errors in the map are pointed out. The relationship between color and terrain are distinctly non-lunar. Rays and ejecta are bluer than average on Mercury, whereas they are redder on the Moon. This fact, along with the lack of the ferrous band in Mercury's spectral reflectance and smaller albedo contrasts, implies that the crust is low in Fe and Ti. There is no correlation between color boundaries and the smooth plains on Mercury, in contrast with the strong correlation between color and maria-highlands contacts on the Moon. The smooth plains are not Mercurian analogs of lunar maria, and a lunar-type of second wave melting did not occur. Ambiguous correlations between color and topography indicate that older, redder materials underlie younger, bluer rocks in many places on the planet, implying that the last stages of volcanism involved low-Fe lavas covering higher-Fe rocks. There is some evidence of late Fe-rich pyroclastic activity

Temperature and Disorder Chaos in Low Dimensional Directed Paths

The responses of a $1+\epsilon$ dimensional directed path to temperature and to potential variations are calculated exactly, and are governed by the same scaling form. The short scale decorrelation (strong correlation regime) leads to the overlap length predicted by heuristic approaches; its temperature dependence and large absolute value agree with scaling and numerical observations. Beyond the overlap length (weak correlation regime), the correlation decays algebraically. A clear physical mechanism explains the behavior in each case: the initial decorrelation is due to `fragile droplets,' which contribute to the entropy fluctuations as $\sqrt{T}$, while the residual correlation results from accidental intersections of otherwise uncorrelated configurations.Comment: four pages, revtex4; minor modifications in the text and typos correcte

Kehalise aktiivsuse seosed keha koostise, mobiilsuse ja vere biokeemiliste näitajatega tervetel vanemaealistel naistel

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneVananemine on protsess, millega kaasnevad mitmed muutused organismis: väheneb lihasmass, luumass ja lihasjõud, suureneb rasvamassi osakaal ning suureneb tõenäosus haigestuda erinevatesse kroonilistesse haigustesse. Lisaks võib neid muutusi seostada ka kehalise aktiivsusega, mis tavaliselt väheneb vananedes. Vananemisega kaasnevate muutuste tulemusena võib väheneda vanemaealiste võimekus iseseisvaks toimetulekuks igapäevastes tegevustes. Ehkki ei ole võimalik vältida vananemist ning ära hoida vananemisega kaasnevaid negatiivseid muutusi võib kehaline aktiivsus olla üheks võimalikuks viisiks vähendada inaktiivse eluviisi negatiivseid ilmingud hilisemas elus. Antud doktoritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada seosed keha koostise, mobiilsuse ja vere biokeemiliste näitajate ning kehalise aktiivsuse vahel vanemaealistel naistel. Uuringus osales kokku 113 vanemaealist naist kes jagati gruppidesse vastavalt kehalise aktiivsuse intensiivsusele ning kestusele. Võrreldi keha koostise, mobiilsuse ning vere biokeemilisi näitajaid erineva kehalise aktiivsusega vanemaealistel naistel ning uuriti vastavate näitajate seoseid kehalise aktiivsusega. Uuringu tulemusena selgus, et pikaajaliselt treeninud vanemaealistel naistel on paremad keha koostise ja mobiilsuse näitajad ning suuremad lihasjõu näitajad võrreldes mittetreenitud vanemaealiste naistega. Lisaks leiti, et mõõduka ja tugeva intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus on seotud paremate mobiilsuse ning keha koostise näitajatega. Seejuures ei seostunud kerge intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus keha koostise ega mobiilsuse näitajatega. Vere biokeemilistest näitajatest seostus resistiini kontsentratsioon veres sammude arvuga päevas ja seega võib kehalist aktiivsust seostada tervislikuma resistiini kontsentratsiooniga. Regulaarne mõõduka ja tugeva intensiivsusega kehaline aktiivsus võib olla oluline vanemaealistele naistele säilitamaks keha koostise ning mobiilsuse näitajaid, mis on vajalikud iseseisvuse säilitamiseks hilisemas eas.Aging is characterized by multiple changes in an organism. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, increased share of fat mass, decline in bone mineral density and prevalence of chronic diseases are all in some extent connected to aging. As a result of aging-related changes older adults may experience loss of independence in later life. One factor affecting those changes could be decreased commitment in everyday physical activity, which commonly decreases with aging. Although it is not possible to prevent aging as such, physical activity may counteract at some level of aging adverse physiological consequences and minimize the effect of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle. The main aim of the thesis was to determine relationships between body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices with physical activity among older women. In total, 133 older women volunteered to participate. Study participants were allocated into groups according to objectively assessed physical activity intensity and duration. Body composition, mobility and blood biomarker indices were studied between groups and also relationships with physical activity were studied. Regularly exercising older women had better body composition, muscle strength and better results in mobility indices compared to inactive older women. In addition, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with better body composition and mobility parameters, while light physical activity is not related to any measured body composition nor mobility parameters among older women. In addition, negative association between resistin concentration and steps per day was found, concluding that physical activity may be associated with more favourable serum resistin concentration. Accordingly, healthy older women could benefit from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to maintain body composition and mobility parameters to preserve independence in later life.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5259880~S

Distribution of oxygen in silicon and its effects on electronic characteristics on a microscale

The microdistribution of oxygen in silicon was obtained by scanning IR absorption in as grown Czochralski crystals. The crystals were subsequently submitted to various heat treatments. The profiles of the generated thermal donors were determined by spreading resistance measurements. Contrary to the prevailing views, it was found that the concentration of the activated thermal donors is not strictly a function of the oxygen concentration, but depends strongly on an additional factor, which was shown to be associated with vacancy concentration. These conclusions could only be reached on the basis of microscale characterization. In fact, commonly employed macroscale analysis has led to erroneous conclusions

PROCEDURE IN EMERGENCY PRICE FIXING

The Emergency Price Control Act is now on the statute book after six months of Congressional debate. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the administrative procedure set forth by the act

An Introduction to Breakdown Phenomena in Disordered Systems

The rupture of a medium under stress typifies breakdown phenomena. More generally, the latter encompass the dynamics of systems of many interacting elements governed by the interplay of a driving force with a pinning disorder, resulting in a macroscopic transition. A simple mean-field formalism incorporating these features is presented and applied to systems representative of fracture phenomena, social dilemmas, and magnets out of equilibrium. The similarities and differences in the corresponding mathematical structures are emphasized. The solutions are best obtained from a graphical method, from which very general conclusions may be drawn. In particular, the various classes of disorder distribution are treated without reference to a particular analytical or numerical form, and are found to lead to qualitatively different transitions. Finally, the notion of effective (or phenomenological) theory is introduced and illustrated for non-equilibrium disordered magnets.Comment: Pedagogical article published as part of a special issue on thermodynamics and statistical physics; 20 page