HCS12 based embedded PWM Controller for battery charger application

With present wireless communication revolution, possession of mobile phones, MP3 walkmans, Ipods, Ipadsthe convenience of quick and easy communication, information storage and search, the situation has also brought to concern certain issues regarding their operation. Every cell phone comes with a rechargeable battery and battery charger. The devices like PDA, MP3 Walkman, and digital cameras all require batteries to operate, adding to the importance of rechargeable batteries. The cellphone batteries get damaged due to overcharge and subsequent signal deterioration due to absence of charge. Overcharging the battery will lead to lessening the battery life. Li-ion and Ni-Cd batteries are well suited to portable devices like cell phones, walkmans, by virtue of their small size and weight. However, life cycles of the batteries are easily affected due to overcharging and undercharging.The reason being that overcharging damages the physical components of the battery. On the other hand undercharging reduces the energy capacity of a battery. Thus,arises the need for an intelligent voltage and current controlled PWM microcontroller based battery charger to prevent the overcharging. The battery charger application will include an electromagnetic interference filter,bridge rectifier,transformer,switching that operates with the help of a microcontroller unit of a PWM controller.A current detection block,voltage detection block and a temperature detection block are feedback through differential amplifiers into the Analog to Digital conversion unit of the microcontroller. Microcontroller facilitates advanced user interface. The application aims at efficient battery performance, safety and cost

Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration

Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state of oxidative stress and resultant damages of lipids, protein, and DNA. Lead and cadmium are the common environmental heavy metal pollutants and have widespread distribution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources including mining, smelting, and other industrial processes are responsible for human and animal exposure. These pollutants, many a times, are copollutants leading to concurrent exposure to living beings and resultant synergistic deleterious health effects. Several mechanisms have been explained for the damaging effects on the body system. Of late, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lead- and cadmium-induced pathotoxicity. Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects

Trace element analysis of fly ash samples by EDXRF technique

Trace element analysis of some fly ash samples and soil samples have been carried out by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Fourteen elements namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb have been quantified in the fly ash samples by this technique. It was found that there is no huge concentration difference between the fly ash and soil samples as a result of which fly ash can be used as soil manure without any adverse impact on the plants.Trace element analysis of fly ash samples by EDXRF technique T R Rautray1*, B Behera1, T Badapanda1, V Vijayan2 and S Panigrahi1 1Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2Department of Physics, Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Chennai-603 203, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail : [email protected] of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2Department of Physics, Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Chennai-603 203, Tamil Nadu, Indi

IIT-Hyderabad creates bio-bricks from agricultural waste

Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT-H) and KIIT School of Architecture, Bhubaneswar, have developed bio-bricks from agricultural waste

IIT-H partners with Odisha tech institute to develop bio-brick

Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, and KIIT School of Architecture, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), have developed bio-bricks from agricultural waste that serves a dual purpose – better waste management and promoting eco-friendly and sustainable building material

Understanding Working Scenarios of Urban Air Mobility

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) can provide new air mobility faster and avoid city traffic with the growth of new technologies. But they need to be co-developed with the city infrastructure. Thus, understanding the working scenarios of UAM and how they will interact with the city and the other modes of transport systems is vital. Storyboarding helps policymakers, city planners, designers, and investors better understand the product's contextual interaction over time. This process allows the design team to be implicit or express a design that is easy to understand, reflect upon, or modify. © The Author(s), 2022

Bio-Brick - Development of Sustainable and Cost Effective Building Material

Building construction is one of the fastest growing industries in India and it puts a huge burden on its limited natural resources. Fired clay bricks are one of the major constituent materials for the construction industry and it produces a huge amount of greenhouse gases. This research tries to highlight the use of alternative materials and how they can be modulated to suit the Indian construction industry. Bio-brick or agro-waste based brick is one such material that has the potential to be a sustainable and cost-effective solution. It acts as good heat and sound insulator and at the same time has overall negative carbon footprint. Additionally, it also acts as a deterrent to stubble burning, prevalent in northern India which causes severe air pollution. Due to its low density, it reduces dead load in high rise structures, thereby making RCC construction more economical. The study also highlights the use of Bio-brick in various areas of a structure. Another important objective of this research is to inspire and motivate architects, designers, researchers and builders to encourage and support the development of such sustainable and eco-sensitive material in construction industry