Pengetahuan Guru Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama Di Kotamadya Yogyakarta Mengenai Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja

Ratni Indrawanti, Tonny Sadjimin - Knowledge of Junior High School teachers upon adolescent reproductive health in Yogyakarta Municipality Objective: The aim of this study was to know the knowledge of Junior High School teacher upon adolescent reproductive health and the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: The study population is the teachers of Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta Municipality, 280 teachers were enrolled. Data on the characteristics and the knowledge upon the adolescent reproductive health were collected by questionnaire. Results: The teachers knowledge on the maturation of the female reproductive showed a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the univolved group (p = 0.0004)the knowledge on the maturation of the male reproduction showed a statistical difference between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year teacher (p = 0.015), likewise between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching compared to the uninvolved (p = 0.0005)on the woman fertile period only 50% of the teachers had correct knowledge and there was a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and uninvolved group (p = 0.035). The score of the teacher\u27s knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by a single sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.035)the score of the teacher\u27s knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by interrupted sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 50% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between female and male teachers (p = 0.01), between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p=0.025). The teacher\u27s knowledge that woman cannot become pregnant by vaginal rinsing soon after a sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and the teacher group involved in the Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching was less than the other group and there was a statistical difference (p = 0.037), likewise between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p = 0.019), between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group there was a statistical (p = 0.005). Concerning the knowledge on Herpes infection there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.007)concerning the teacher\u27s behaviour on reproductive discussion with the students, the teachers involved in of Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching or involved in guidance and councelling performed discussion more frequently compared to the other groups and a statistical differences was found (p= 0.00005). It was questionable that 64.8% teachers who were involved in the reproductive health teaching never discussed about the matter with their students. The teacher\u27s knowledge on some diseases that can be transmitted by sexual activities was variable: on AIDS and Syphillis nearly 70% teachers knew, on Chlamydia 39.8% and on Herpes less than 15%. Logistic regression analysis to find the influencing factor on the teacher\u27s knowledge showed: the involvement in the reproductive health teaching had influence on the knowledge upon the maturation of female and male sexual development more than the length of teaching, it influenced also the behavior to discuss sexual matter to the students. Gender and length of teaching did not influence the teacher\u27s knowledge whether a woman can become pregnant by interupted sexual intercousethe subject of teaching and the involvement that a woman will not become pregnant by rinsing their sexual organ soon after a sexual intercouse

Status gizi dan gambaran klinis penyakit pada pasien HIV anak awal terdiagnosis

Nutritional status and clinical disease of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first timeBackground: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children can cause nutritional problems. Currently, HIV-infected children are still diagnosed when the disease stage is advanced. Nutritional status is a marker of advanced stage conditions in HIV infection.Objective: To determine the clinical findings of disease and nutritional status of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first time.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were taken from the medical record documents of child patients aged 0-18 years with the ICD 10 code B20, who was treated at the Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital from 1 January 2004-31 December 2019. Results: There were 191 children diagnosed with HIV, 56% of them were boys. The median age was 34 months (IQR 25: 13 months, IQR 75: 69 months), and 95.5% among those were infected perinatally. There were 77 (40,3%) children who suffered from severe malnutrition and 55 (28.8%) children were moderate acute malnutrition. At the age of 0-60 months among them, there were 49 children (36.3%) suffered from severely underweight, 35 children (25.9%) underweight, 53 (39.3%) severely stunted, 38 (28.1%) stunted, 28 severely wasted (20.7%), and wasted as many as 24 (17.8%). At the age of 5-18 years old, there were 19 (33.9%) and 5 (8.9%) children who suffered from severely wasted and wasted respectively. World Health Organization (WHO) stages 3 and 4 were experienced by 62 (32.5%) and 68 (35.6%) children. As many as 41.3% of children had enlarged lymph nodes, thrush (40.8%), pneumonia (40.8%), and persistent or chronic diarrhea (21.5%). Conclusions: The nutritional status of HIV-infected children at baseline was dominated by underweight and stunted. The most clinical findings of the disease when the child was diagnosed with HIV infection were lymphadenopathy, oral thrush, pneumonia, and persistent or chronic diarrhea

Comparison of cardiac marker profiles in dengue myocarditis

Dengue patients may experience some grade of severity. Cardiac involvement is common in severe dengue, therefore cardiac markers could be used to ensure the diagnosis of dengue myocarditis. However, information of the cardiac marker profiles in patients with milder severity of dengue infection is limited. The study aimed to evaluate creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin I (TnI) in dengue myocarditis against the spectrum severity of dengue infection in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of dengue myocarditis patients aged 1-18 yr in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to compare the increase in cardiac markers to the dengue severity. The increase of CK was observed in dengue fever/DF (6 or 75% of patients), dengue hemorrhagic fever/DHF (6 or 67%) and dengue shock syndrome/DSS (16 or 73%). Furthermore, the increase of CK-MB was also observed in DF (6 or 75%), DHF (8 or 87%), and DSS (21 or 95%). No significant difference in the increase of CK and CK-MB proportions was observed in DF compared to DHF groups and in DF compared to DSS (p>0.05). The increase of Tn I was observed in DHF (2 or 22%) and DSS (10 or 45%) groups but not observed in DF group. Significant difference in the increase of Tn I proportion was observed in DF compared to DSS groups (p=0.022). In conclusion, cardiac involvement is common in all dengue severity level. The increment of Tn I corresponds to an increase in the dengue severity level. Further research by observing cardiac markers sequentially is needed

The Impact of Malaria in Pregnancy on Infant Susceptibility to Malaria Infection

Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant global health problem with substantial risks for pregnant women, her foetus, and the newborn child. Infant malaria is a major public health concern in Timika, Papua. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of malaria during pregnancy on infant’s susceptibility to malaria infections, the timing of its occurrence, the number of malaria infections during pregnancy. This was a cohort prospective study conducted in Timika, Papua from October 2013 to September 2016. Malaria investigation was done by microscopic and PCR methods. Demographic data and malaria status of mother-infant pairs were collected and analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. One hundred seventy-eight infants consisting of 95 (53.37%) infants born to mothers with malaria and 83 (46.63%) without malaria 91 (51.12%) boys and 87 (48.88%) girls were involved in the study. The mean of mothers’ ages were 25.35 ± 6.30 vs. 26.0 ± 5.69 years. At the ages of 6 and 12 months, infants born to malaria positive mothers were more susceptible to malaria infections compared to infants born to malaria negative mothers with RR = 3.49; 95%CI: 1.02-11.96; p = 0.03 and RR = 8.74; 95%CI: 1.14- 66.81; p = 0.01, respectively. Independent risk factors of infant susceptibility to malaria infection during the first year of life were malaria in pregnancy (MiP) in 2nd trimester (RR = 4.50; 95%CI: 1.5-13.49; p = 0.07), pregnant women who only got malaria infection 1 time during pregnancy (RR=2.95; 95%CI: 1.04-8.33; p = 0.04), and Papuan ethnicity (RR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.22-10.59; p = 0.02). In conclusion, infant susceptibility to malaria is associated with maternal malaria status during pregnancy. MiP in second trimester, pregnant women who only had malaria once and Papuan ethnicity were independent risk factors for infant’s increased susceptibility to malaria infection

Knowledge of Junior High School teachers upon adolescent reproductive health in Yogyakarta Municipality

Objective: The aim of this study was to know the knowledge of Junior High School teacher upon adolescent reproductive health and the influencing factors.Materials and Methods: The study population is the teachers of Junior High Schools in Yogyakarta Municipality, 280 teachers were enrolled. Data on the characteristics and the knowledge upon the adolescent reproductive health were collected by questionnaire.Results: The teachers knowledge on the maturation of the female reproductive showed a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the univolved group (p = 0.0004); the knowledge on the maturation of the male reproduction showed a statistical difference between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year teacher (p = 0.015), likewise between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching compared to the uninvolved (p = 0.0005); on the woman fertile period only 50% of the teachers had correct knowledge and there was a statistical difference between the teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and uninvolved group (p = 0.035). The score of the teacher's knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by a single sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.035); the score of the teacher's knowledge that a woman can become pregnant by interrupted sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 50% of full score) and there was a statistical difference between female and male teachers (p = 0.01), between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p=0.025). The teacher's knowledge that woman cannot become pregnant by vaginal rinsing soon after a sexual intercouse was inadequate (about 60% of full score) and the teacher group involved in the Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching was less than the other group and there was a statistical difference (p = 0.037), likewise between the teacher group who had been in charge for more than 20 years compared to less than 20 year group (p = 0.019), between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group there was a statistical (p = 0.005). Concerning the knowledge on Herpes infection there was a statistical difference between teacher group involved in the reproductive health teaching and the uninvolved group (p = 0.007); concerning the teacher's behaviour on reproductive discussion with the students, the teachers involved in of Religion, Biology and Physical Health teaching or involved in guidance and councelling performed discussion more frequently compared to the other groups and a statistical differences was found (p= 0.00005). It was questionable that 64.8% teachers who were involved in the reproductive health teaching never discussed about the matter with their students. The teacher's knowledge on some diseases that can be transmitted by sexual activities was variable: on AIDS and Syphillis nearly 70% teachers knew, on Chlamydia 39.8% and on Herpes less than 15%. Logistic regression analysis to find the influencing factor on the teacher's knowledge showed: the involvement in the reproductive health teaching had influence on the knowledge upon the maturation of female and male sexual development more than the length of teaching, it influenced also the behavior to discuss sexual matter to the students. Gender and length of teaching did not influence the teacher's knowledge whether a woman can become pregnant by interupted sexual intercouse; the subject of teaching and the involvement that a woman will not become pregnant by rinsing their sexual organ soon after a sexual intercouse.Conclusion: The knowledge and behaviour or the Junior High School teacher's in Yogyakarta were inad- equate on some important issues and influenced especially by the subject teaching.Key word : adolescent reproductive health knowledge - Junior High School Teacher - influencing factor

Faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

Predictors of pediatric hospital acquired malnutrition in a Sardjito HospitalBackground: In hospitalized children, nutrition is essential for the healing process as well as for reaching adequate growth. Hospital-acquired malnutrition (HAM) is declining in children’s body weight during hospitalization. The impact of undetected HAM including an increase in length of stay, increase in mortality, slowing of healing process, and increasing in hospital bills.Objectives: This study aims to determine the predictive factors of HAM.Method: A prospective study was performed. Samples were 1-month-old – 18-years-old children who hospitalized in pediatric ward of Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta from February 2023 to April 2023. Samples were taken using a consecutive sampling method. The relationship between variables was presented as odds ratio (OR), confidence intervals of 95%, the score for each variable, and statistical significance levels p < 0.05.Results: 21 of 196 patients were diagnosed as HAM, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1: 1. The prevalence of HAM was 10.9%. Bivariate analysis showed that maternal education (OR=2.27; CI 95% 1.02 – 5.05; p=0.041), comorbid of congenital heart disease (CHD) (RR=3.31; CI 95% 1.30 – 8.42; p=0,037), and 3rd degree of severity disease (RR=6.00; CI 95% 2.87 – 12.56; p=0.001) was significantly related to HAM. Multivariate analysis showed that comorbid of CHD (OR=5.33; CI 95% 1.34 – 20.7; p=0.017) and 3rd degree of severity disease (OR=11.54; CI 95% 3.52 – 37.86; p=0.000) increased the odds of developing of HAM.Conclusion: Comorbid of CHD and 3rd degree of severity disease increased the odds of developing HAM during hospitalization

DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN FAKTOR RISIKO DIFTERI DI KOTA MALANG PROPINSI JAWA TIMUR

Background: is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Cases of diphtheria in the city of Malang is likely to increase from year to year. There were 18 cases in 2009 with 0 deaths, in 2010 a total of 39 cases with 1 death and increased significantly in 2011 as many as 65 cases with 0 death. In 2011, Malang was the highest in the case of East Java after Surabaya City. Objective : Knowing spatial distribution of diphtheria and to identify risk factor of diphtheria at Malang City, Province of East Java. Methods: Analytic observational study is a case-control design. Samples were taken with a consecutive sampling technique with the number of each case and control samples of 90 individuals. Data analysis using the Mc. Nemar and Conditional logistic regression. Dependent variable was the incidence of diphtheria, while the independent variable is the immunization status, occupancy density, distance to health facilities, place the activity and mobility. Results: The pattern of distribution of diphtheria in Malang City are clustered at coordinate 6675248, 912 050 UTM Zone 49S, radius 3621.03 meters. Risk factors for diphtheria in Malang City is place the activity p = 0.003 (OR = 5.4 and 95% CI 1.802 to 16.492) and mobility p = 0.003 (OR = 3.5 and 95% CI 1.558 to 8.152). Conclusion: The place of activity is the most dominant risk factor in the incidence of diphtheria in Malang City after control of the impact of variable mobility

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Difteri di Kota Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur

Background: Cases of diphtheria at Surabaya City have been increasing since its emergence in 2000. The increase from 2007 to 2010 was significant. There were 18 cases in 200

Perbedaan Tingkat Kemandirian Anak Usia Prasekolah yang Mengikuti Program Sekolah Full Day Dibandingkan dengan Half Day

Latar belakang. Tujuan orangtua memasukkan anak pada program sekolah full day adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perkembangan anak khususnya kemandirian. Hubungan antara tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah dengan keikutsertaan dalam program sekolah full day masih terdapat kontroversi. Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah full day dibandingkan dengan half day. Metode. Rancangan penelitian potong lintang dengan besar sampel 116 anak usia 36 sampai 60 bulan pada 7 kelompok bermain di Yogyakarta. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan independent t test dan regresi linier. Hasil. Skor kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah full day lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan half day 115,67+15,90 vs 109,98+18,28 (IK95%: -0,61-11,99; p=0,07). Skor kemandirian anak yang mendapat stimulasi adekuat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stimulasi tidak adekuat 116,59+15,78 vs 104,11+17,71, (IK95%: 5,92-19,04; p<0,001). Skor kemandirian anak dengan ayah berpendidikan tamat perguruan tinggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berpendidikan menengah 114,40 +17,35 vs 104,28+14,64, (IK95%: 1,50-18,74; p=0,022). Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kemandirian anak usia prasekolah yang mengikuti program sekolah full day dibandingkan half day. Anak dengan stimulasi adekuat dan ayah berpendidikan tamat perguruan tinggi mempunyai tingkat kemandirian lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak dengan stimulasi tidak adekuat dan ayah berpendidikan menengah