Determinants of Work-Life Balance: A Cross-Cultural Review of Selected Asian Countries

Work-life balance has been recently viewed as one of the critical issues about organisational policies across different cultures and regions. The earlier studies of work-life balance have focused predominantly in the Western and developed nations with slight attention to the experience of work-life balance among Asian countries. Researchers have also paid little attention to examine work-life balance from a cross-cultural perspective, especially in Asian countries. The principal purpose of the present study is to analyse the available literature on the work-life balance among selected Asian countries. The focus of the present study is to identify the determinants of work-life balance and scrutinise the highly significant determinants of work-life balance across different cultures and regions. Based on identified determinants, it will suggest suitable measures to improve the most prevailing determinant of work-life balance among Asian countries. Further, the current study will also identify the current state of work-life balance focusing on theory, logic and methodology. The methods of the study involve secondary data to find out determinants of work-life balance conducted in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore and China; and it will compare the effectiveness of determinants of work-life balance to these regions. The data will help to describe how employees perceive work-life balance and why they engage in paid work, and what approaches are being adopted by these countries to balance work life in the context of varying economic, political, cultural, social and family conditions. The findings of present research and analyses will provide scholars with a complete understanding of the state of cross-cultural work-life balance and offer recommendations for future research that will undoubtedly facilitate theoretical advancement. &nbsp

Study of neck shaft angle of femur in population of Bihar

Background: Neck shaft angle is the angle formed between the long axis of shaft and long axis of neck. Neck shaft angle of femur is an important parameter considering the biomechanics of hip joint. Neck shaft angle gives important information regarding race to which they belong. Normal neck shaft angle is in the range of 1200 -1400. Objective of the study was to find out the neck shaft angle of femur and correlate with the previous study.Methods: present study was conducted on 60 dry femur collected from different medical colleges of Bihar. The neck shaft angle was measured by Goniometer.Results: In this study the neck shaft angle of femur was 130.820, in male neck shaft angle of femur was 130.280 and in females it was 131.420.Conclusions: There is no significance difference between the male and female neck shaft angle. Orthopaedists use the normal range and mean of the neck shaft angle in diagnosis and treatment of the disease of hip. The angle is increased in poliomyelitis, congenital subluxation and dislocation of hip and decreased in congenital coxa vara

Local Allergic Reaction to Ocular Chloramphenicol Ointment: A Diagnosis by High Index of Clinical Suspicion

Chloramphenicol is a widely used topical ointment applied routinely for ocular and periorbital infections due to its wide spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. Local delayed hypersensitivity reaction to chloramphenicol is a well reported but uncommon adverse effect, and has been reported to be mismanaged initially as an infective cellulitis [1]. Hereby, we are reporting a case of local hypersensitivity reaction to chloramphenicol after ocular use for adenexal infection, which was diagnosed with high index of suspicion without any clinical test, and was managed timely and successfully.Case HistoryA 38-year-old man presented to out-patient department with painless swelling around both eyes of 24 hours duration. Onset of swelling was sudden, and started around 48 hours after application of chloramphenicol ointment for stye. There was no history of fever and any drug allergy. Patient also gave the history of recurrent stye in both eyes and the chloramphenicol ointment was prescribed for the sameby a general physician in a government hospital about two months back. Patient used the same ointment pack, which was opened about two months back.</p

Curious case of retrolental mass: An unusual tele-screening artifact

We are presenting a case of premature baby born at 32 weeks of gestation who was under regular follow-up with our retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) tele-screening team. During final follow-up at 41 weeks of postconceptional age, anterior segment image captured with RetCam showed a retrolental mass lesion in right eye resembling retinoblastoma or medulloepithelioma. The baby was referred to our base hospital for further evaluation, where a detailed examination showed no retrolental lesion or intraocular mass. This is the first case where imaging artifact, despite use of high-quality imaging system by well-trained staff, during ROP tele-screening appeared like a retrolental mass lesion and resulted in false-positive referral

A comparative study of the diagnostic efficacy of CB-NAAT and ZN staining

Background:In recent years,cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test(CBNAAT)has been recommended by World Health Organization as a rapid diagnostic test for detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Aim: In this study, we retrospectively compared results for diagnosis of suspected pulmonary and Extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, from March 2020 to September 2020 for Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN)and GeneXpert (Xpert®MTB/Rif assay)taking culture as gold standard. Methods: Performance of Xpert was compared to acid-fast microscopic examinationusingZiehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain in patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis.Results: Out of total 914 specimens of clinically suspected patients of tuberculosis of all age groups,683(75%) were pulmonary specimens and231(25%)were extrapulmonary. For pulmonary samples, the sensitivity and specificityfor CBNAAT samples were 82.3%and98.5%while that for sputum smear were 63.7% and 99.3% respectively.For extrapulmonary samples,the sensitivity and specificity for CBNAAT samples were 85.7% and 93.5% respectively; while that for sputum smear were 60.7%and100% respectively. Conclusion: Although the development of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay is undoubtedly alandmarkeventina high TB burden country like India as this test will help in rapiddiagnosis of smear-negative and rifampicin resistant TB cases, which were earlier a challenge for the TB control programme

Rapid macular hole formation and closure in a vitrectomized eye following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

The development of a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair is a rare occurrence. We report the first case of rapid MH formation with internal limiting membrane (ILM)-like hyper-reflective bridging membrane under silicone oil (SO) meniscus, noted on the first postoperative day (POD) postvitrectomy for RRD. A 57-year-old man presented with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of perception of light with immature cataract and total RRD in the left eye. He underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation with uneventful PPV, endolaser to primary break, and 360° periphery followed by injection of 1000 Cst SO. On the first POD, retina was attached in all quadrants with SO in situ. However, a dark red spot was noted at macula which was confirmed as FTMH with a bridging linear hyper-reflectivity under SO meniscus on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Repeat OCT, at 2 weeks and 3 months, revealed closed MH under the SO meniscus with BCVA improving to 6/60. This is the first reported case of very rapid FTMH formation with an ILM-like linear hyper-reflectivity following vitrectomy for RRD and highlights the possible contributory role of multiple nonconventional factors for rapid FTMH development and fibrinous membrane-assisted closure under SO tamponade