Gigahertz (GHz) hard x-ray imaging using fast scintillators

Gigahertz (GHz) imaging technology will be needed at high-luminosity X-ray and charged particle sources. It is plausible to combine fast scintillators with the latest picosecond detectors and GHz electronics for multi-frame hard Xray imaging and achieve an inter-frame time of less than 10 ns. The time responses and light yield of LYSO, LaBr_3, BaF_2 and ZnO are measured using an MCP-PMT detector. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an attractive material for fast hard X-ray imaging based on GEANT4 simulations and previous studies, but the measured light yield from the samples is much lower than expected

Gigahertz (GHz) hard x-ray imaging using fast scintillators

Gigahertz (GHz) imaging technology will be needed at high-luminosity X-ray and charged particle sources. It is plausible to combine fast scintillators with the latest picosecond detectors and GHz electronics for multi-frame hard Xray imaging and achieve an inter-frame time of less than 10 ns. The time responses and light yield of LYSO, LaBr_3, BaF_2 and ZnO are measured using an MCP-PMT detector. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an attractive material for fast hard X-ray imaging based on GEANT4 simulations and previous studies, but the measured light yield from the samples is much lower than expected

Characterization of the yehUT Two-Component Regulatory System of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Typhimurium

10.1371/journal.pone.0084567PLoS ONE812-POLN

Inhibition of the PtdIns(5) kinase PIKfyve disrupts intracellular replication of Salmonella

3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3-PtdIns) orchestrate endocytic trafficking pathways exploited by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella to gain entry into the cell. To infect the host, Salmonellae subvert its normal macropinocytic activity, manipulating the process to generate an intracellular replicative niche. Disruption of the PtdIns(5) kinase, PIKfyve, be it by interfering mutant, siRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological means, inhibits the intracellular replication of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in epithelial cells. Monitoring the dynamics of macropinocytosis by time-lapse 3D (4D) videomicroscopy revealed a new and essential role for PI(3,5)P(2) in macropinosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion, which is distinct from that of the small GTPase Rab7. This PI(3,5)P(2)-dependent step is required for the proper maturation of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) through the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) and for the engagement of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type 3 secretion system (SPI2-T3SS). Finally, although inhibition of PIKfyve in macrophages did inhibit Salmonella replication, it also appears to disrupt the macrophage's bactericidal response. The EMBO Journal (2010) 29, 1331-1347. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.28; Published online 18 March 201