11 research outputs found
Construction of perfect tensors using biunimodular vectors
Dual unitary gates are highly non-local two-qudit unitary gates that have
been studied extensively in quantum many-body physics and quantum information
in the recent past. A special subset of dual unitary gates consists of
rank-four perfect tensors, which are equivalent to highly entangled
multipartite pure states called absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states. In
this work, numerical and analytical constructions of dual unitary gates and
perfect tensors that are diagonal in a special maximally entangled basis are
presented. The main ingredient in our construction is a phase-valued
(unimodular) two-dimensional array whose discrete Fourier transform is also
unimodular. We obtain perfect tensors for several local Hilbert space
dimensions, particularly, in dimension six. A perfect tensor in local dimension
six is equivalent to an AME state of four qudits, denoted as AME(4,6), and such
a state cannot be constructed from existing constructions of AME states based
on error-correcting codes and graph states. The existence of AME(4,6) states
featured in well-known open problem lists in quantum information, and was
settled positively in Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 080507 (2022). We provide an
explicit construction of perfect tensors in local dimension six that can be
written in terms of controlled unitary gates in the computational basis, making
them amenable for quantum circuit implementations.Comment: 10+9 pages, 3+1 Figures. Comments are welcom
ON ZYGMUND–TYPE INEQUALITIES CONCERNING POLAR DERIVATIVE OF POLYNOMIALS
Let be a polynomial of degree , then concerning the estimate for maximum of on the unit circle, it was proved by S. Bernstein that . Later, Zygmund obtained an -norm extension of this inequality. The polar derivative of , with respect to a point , generalizes the ordinary derivative in the sense that Recently, for polynomials of the form and having no zero in , the following Zygmund-type inequality for polar derivative of was obtained: In this paper, we obtained a refinement of this inequality by involving minimum modulus of on , which also includes improvements of some inequalities, for the derivative of a polynomial with restricted zeros as well
Absolutely maximally entangled state equivalence and the construction of infinite quantum solutions to the problem of 36 officers of Euler
Ordering and classifying multipartite quantum states by their entanglement
content remains an open problem. One class of highly entangled states, useful
in quantum information protocols, the absolutely maximally entangled (AME)
ones, are specially hard to compare as all their subsystems are maximally
random. While, it is well-known that there is no AME state of four qubits, many
analytical examples and numerically generated ensembles of four qutrit AME
states are known. However, we prove the surprising result that there is truly
only {\em one} AME state of four qutrits up to local unitary equivalence. In
contrast, for larger local dimensions, the number of local unitary classes of
AME states is shown to be infinite. Of special interest is the case of local
dimension 6 where it was established recently that a four-party AME state does
exist, providing a quantum solution to the classically impossible Euler problem
of 36 officers. Based on this, an infinity of quantum solutions are constructed
and we prove that these are not equivalent. The methods developed can be
usefully generalized to multipartite states of any number of particles.Comment: Rewritten as a regular article and few changes in the title from
first version. Close to the published versio
9 × 4 = 6 × 6: Understanding the quantum solution to Euler's problem of 36 officers
The famous combinatorial problem of Euler concerns an arrangement of 36 officers from six different regiments in a 6×6 square array. Each regiment consists of six officers each belonging to one of six ranks. The problem, originating from Saint Petersburg, requires that each row and each column of the array contains only one officer of a given rank and given regiment. Euler observed that such a configuration does not exist. In recent work, we constructed a solution to a quantum version of this problem assuming that the officers correspond to superpositions of quantum states. In this paper, we explain the solution which is based on a partition of 36 officers into nine groups, each with four elements. The corresponding quantum states are locally equivalent to maximally entangled two-qubit states, hence each quantum officer is represented by a superposition of at most 4 classical states. The entire quantum combinatorial design involves 9 Bell bases in nine complementary 4-dimensional subspaces
9 4 = 6 6: Understanding the quantum solution to the Euler's problem of 36 officers
The famous combinatorial problem of Euler concerns an arrangement of
officers from six different regiments in a square array. Each
regiment consists of six officers each belonging to one of six ranks. The
problem, originating from Saint Petersburg, requires that each row and each
column of the array contains only one officer of a given rank and given
regiment. Euler observed that such a configuration does not exist. In recent
work, we constructed a solution to a quantum version of this problem assuming
that the officers correspond to quantum states and can be entangled. In this
paper, we explain the solution which is based on a partition of 36 officers
into nine groups, each with four elements. The corresponding quantum states are
locally equivalent to maximally entangled two-qubit states, hence each officer
is entangled with at most three out of his colleagues. The entire quantum
combinatorial design involves Bell bases in nine complementary
-dimensional subspaces.Comment: 26 page
Thirty-six entangled officers of Euler : quantum solution to a classically impossible problem
The negative solution to the famous problem of officers of Euler implies
that there are no two orthogonal Latin squares of order six. We show that the
problem has a solution, provided the officers are entangled, and construct
orthogonal quantum Latin squares of this size. As a consequence, we find an
example of the long-elusive Absolutely Maximally Entangled state AME of
four subsystems with six levels each, equivalently a -unitary matrix of size
, which maximizes the entangling power among all bipartite unitary gates of
this dimension, or a perfect tensor with four indices, each running from one to
six. This special state deserves the appellation golden AME state as the golden
ratio appears prominently in its elements. This result allows us to construct a
pure nonadditive quhex quantum error detection code , which
saturates the Singleton bound and allows one to encode a -level state into a
triplet of such states.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
I<sub>2</sub>‑DMSO Promoted Deaminative Coupling Reactions of Glycine Esters: Access to 5‑(Methylthio)pyridazin-3(2<i>H</i>)‑ones
An unprecedented, one-step strategy for the synthesis
of 5-(methylthio)pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives
has been developed through iodine triggered
deaminative coupling of glycine esters with methyl ketones and hydrazine
hydrate in DMSO. These transformations in the absence of hydrazine
helped to generate different 3-methylthio-4-oxo-enoates in good yields.
Notably, DMSO played multiple roles such as oxidant, methylthiolating
reagent, and solvent