«Medienerziehung» – Statement zu einem Begriff

In dem Beitrag wird die Frage nach der Relevanz des Ausdrucks «Medienerziehung» in zwei Abschnitten bearbeitet: - In einem ersten Abschnitt («Disziplinäre Differenz») wird die Verwendung dieses Ausdrucks im Hinblick auf eine wissenschaftsstrategische Etikettierung verfolgt. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch auf die aus der Sicht des Autors in gleicher Weise zu verstehende Verwendungen eines anderen Ausdrucks, nämlich «Mediendidaktik», hingewiesen. - In einem zweiten Schritt («Terminologische Differenz») geht der Autor den begrifflichen Konnotationen dieses Ausdrucks Medienerziehung nach, d.h., hier wird es nötig sein, die deutschsprachige Abgrenzung der «Erziehung» von der «Bildung» in Erinnerung zu rufen und «Erziehung» in Bezug zum anderen Teil des Kompositums Medienerziehung zu spezifizieren und gegen mehrere andere Begriffe kurz abzugrenzen

Boosting Deep Neural Networks with Geometrical Prior Knowledge: A Survey

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art results in many different problem settings, they are affected by some crucial weaknesses. On the one hand, DNNs depend on exploiting a vast amount of training data, whose labeling process is time-consuming and expensive. On the other hand, DNNs are often treated as black box systems, which complicates their evaluation and validation. Both problems can be mitigated by incorporating prior knowledge into the DNN. One promising field, inspired by the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision tasks, is to incorporate knowledge about symmetric geometrical transformations of the problem to solve. This promises an increased data-efficiency and filter responses that are interpretable more easily. In this survey, we try to give a concise overview about different approaches to incorporate geometrical prior knowledge into DNNs. Additionally, we try to connect those methods to the field of 3D object detection for autonomous driving, where we expect promising results applying those methods.Comment: Survey Pape

Martin Dabrowski/Judith Wolf/Karlies Abmeier (Hg.): Ethische Herausforderungen im Web 2.0

Der Wechsel zwischen vier Hauptbeiträgen mit je ein bis zwei Korreferaten strukturiert den vorliegenden Band, der eine interdisziplinäre Tagung zum gleichlautenden Thema dokumentiert. Er bildet dabei die für eine normative Bewertung des Web 2.0 grundlegenden Perspektiven Technik, Recht, Politik und Ethik ab. Alle vier Beiträge sind auf ihre Weise erhellend und fachlich beeindruckend. Die Erwartung an die Korreferate ist dementsprechend groß. Allerdings sind nicht alle der ausgewählten Ko-Autor_innen der fachlichen und argumentativen Fallhöhe der Hauptreferent_innen gewachsen – obwohl alle Hauptbeiträge Anschlussmöglichkeiten böten. (…

Media Literacy At School Transition: First Results Of A Research And Intervention Study On Media Use In Early Education

Das Mediennutzungsverhalten von Vierjährigen und ihrer Erzieherinnen in der Kita wurde in dieser Studie betrachtet. Über die Aussagen von Erzieherinnen und Eltern, aber auch qualitative Verfahren wurde erhoben, wie medienkompetent einerseits die Kinder eingeschätzt werden und welchen Medienumgang sie zeigen. Andererseits sollten auch die Erzieherinnen ihre Einstellungen zu Medien darstellen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kapitalsorten- und Habitustheorie Bourdieus wurde ein Forschungs- und Interventionsprojekt konzipiert, das bei Erzieherinnen und Kindern gleichzeitig den integrierten Medienumgang fördert und über metakognitive Prozesse der Evaluation und Fortbildung die Einstellung zu Medien positiv beeinflussen soll. Ergebnisse der Studie aus dem ersten Projektjahr liegen vor, sie zeigen positive Veränderungen bei den Erzieherinnen in der Einschätzung der eigenen Fähigkeiten und denen der Kinder.The media use behaviour of four-year-olds and their teachers in the day care centre was examined in this study. Statements by teachers and parents, but also qualitative methods, were used to find out how media-competent the children are assessed to be and how they use the media. On the other hand, the educators were also asked to describe their attitudes towards media. Against the background of Bourdieu's theory of capital types and habitus, a research and intervention project was conceived that simultaneously promotes integrated media use among educators and children and is intended to positively influence attitudes towards media through metacognitive processes of evaluation and further training. The results of the study from the first year of the project are available and show positive changes in the educators' assessment of their own abilities and those of the children

Medienqualität und die Kompetenz des Publikums. Medienethische Anmerkungen zu einer Chimäre

Medienqualität wird häufig als normatives Kriterium zur Beurteilung von Medienprodukten und Medienhandeln angesehen. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass der Ausdruck deskriptiv verstanden werden muss und als medienethische Kategorie ungeeignet ist. Normative Indikatoren für eine positiv bewertete Medienqualität müssen ethisch begründet werden. Dies gelingt aber nicht über die Eigenschaft der Medienprodukte, sondern über die Medienkompetenz der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer.EnglishMedia Quality and the Competence of the Public. Media Ethical Comments on a ChimeraMedia quality is often used as a normative criterion for the assessment of media products and media practice. It is shown that this expression must be interpreted descriptively and that, as such, it is unsuitable as a media ethical category. Normative indicators for positively appraised media quality must be ethically justified. However, this cannot by accomplished through an objective quality of media products, but in terms of the media competence of the users.

Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: An Update on Prevalence, Molecular Genetic Analyses, and Genetic Counselling

Based on the latest gnomAD dataset, the prevalence of symptomatic hereditary cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) prone to cause epileptic seizures and stroke-like symptoms was re-evaluated in this review and calculated to be 1:5,400-1:6,200. Furthermore, state-of-the-art molecular genetic analyses of the known CCM loci are described which reach an almost 100% mutation detection rate for familial CCMs if whole genome sequencing is performed for seemingly mutation-negative families. An update on the spectrum of CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 mutations demonstrates that deep-intronic mutations and submicroscopic copy-number neutral genomic rearrangements are rare. Finally, this review points to current guidelines on genetic counselling, neuroimaging, medical as well as neurosurgical treatment and highlights the formation of active patient organizations in various countries

Digital Change and Marginalized Communities: Changing Attitudes towards Digital Media in the Margins

Marginalized communities are confronted with issues resulting from their marginalization, such as exclusion, invisibility, misrepresentation, and hate speech, not only offline but – due to digital change – increasingly online. Our research project DigitalDialog21 aims at evaluating the effects of digital change on society and how digital change, and the risks and possibilities that come with it, is perceived by the population. Digital change is understood as a factor of social change in this project. By investigating digital change and its effects on society, we are able to draw more general inferences on how societies change socially and what needs to be done in education to establish digital trust. In 2017 the Digital Evolution Index observed an increasing trust deficit and skepticism towards digitalization in both very industrialized and lesser industrialized countries. We will draw inferences from these observations here and hypothesize the following: It seems that especially in marginalized communities, that is: in communities that are structurally and systemically disadvantaged and that experience societal marginalization, this trust deficit and skepticism towards digitalization is prevalent. This could be so because, as a member of a marginalized community, one might quickly find issues resulting from marginalization to be present in digital spaces just like they are present in non-digital spaces. This paper will examine critically how attitudes in marginalized communities towards digital media are influenced by digital change. Do the risks of digitalization outweigh the advantages for marginalized communities? Are digital media perceived to provide advantages such as increased visibility and representation or are they perceived to fuel discrimination against marginalized people? Our research project brings together secondary analyses of existing studies with the results of our own qualitative interview study on marginalized people's perceptions of digital change. The paper will portray some example interviews, and thereby analyze if and how attitudes in the margins towards digital media change, what this change consists of, and how we can understand the changing attitudes within an ethical and educational framework. Our findings will point at a necessity to increase ethically based digital literacy (PEAT) in the German education system, starting in early education. Marginalized groups in particular must be empowered to become digitally competent through problem-oriented education. Independent self-efficacy can increase digital trust in fragmented societies. The paper concludes by introducing media ethics tools that are being developed as part of the project