Tolerance to Hairy Chinch Bug Feeding in Kentucky Bluegrass

Seventeen Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to feeding by adult hairy chinch bugs, Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon. Adults were confined on one month-old plants within a 10 cm diam × 20.3 cm high cylindrical plastic cage for 17-19 days. Cages were divided longitudinally so that 1/2 of the plants in each pot were infested. Tolerance was evaluated as differences between infested and uninfested plants for height of regrowth, dry weight, yield of clippings, root length and weight, plant survival, tillering, and % dry matter. Regrowth, yield of clippings, root length, and plant survival were significantly reduced and % dry matter significantly increased in almost all cases by adult feeding. Dry weight, root weight, and tillering of plants were not significantly changed by feeding. Significant differences were found in tolerance among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Differences in cultivar regrowth, yield, and % dry matter were the most useful criteria for measuring toleranc

Laboratory Rearing of the Hairy Chinch Bug

Laboratory procedures were developed for rearing the hairy chinch bug Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon, on corn sections in 236.6 ml cardboard cartons. There was significantly higher survival of nymphs and adults when eggs were surface sterilized in 2% sodium hypochlorite solution as compared to those treated with a 1% solution or untreated eggs. Adult survival was significantly higher (P<0.05) when chinch bugs were reared on corn sections treated with 2% sodium hypochlorite than when either treated with 2% thiram or untreated. Developmental times for nymphal instars were determined as follows: 1st 12.3±6.0; 2nd 5.4±2.7; 3rd 5.2±1.7; 4th 4.9±1.3; 5th 7.1±0.9; total 35.5±7.4 days. The preoviposition period was determined to be 1O.8±4.4 days with nearly 80% of the females tested ovipositing within 24 day

Historical Observations and Identifications of Plants and Animals in the Vicinity of Engineer Cantonment in 1819-1820

Historical observations and identifications of plants and animals in the vicinity of Engineer Cantonment in 1819–1820 (James 1822) are shown below in Roman and Roman italic print. Specimens identified through phytoarcheological and zooarcheological analysis of materials and believed to be reasonably associated or contemporaneous with the Long Expedition use of the site (AU4) are shown in boldface. Species present in both the historical and archeological data are marked by an asterisk (*). References used in this compilation include Benedict (1996), Brewer (1970 [1840]), Conant and Collins (1991), Ducey (2000), Evans (1997), Falk et al. (this volume), Genoways et al. (2008), Goodman and Lawson (1995), Jones (1964), Kaul et al. (2011), Lynch (1985), Nepstad-Thornberry and Bozell (this volume), Ord (1815), Page et al. (2013), Peyton (2000), Picha (this volume), Rhoads (1894), Sharpe et al. (2001), Turgeon et al. (1998), and Wilson and Reeder (2005). Modifi ed and revised from Genoways and Ratcliffe (2008). Includes scientific names, common names, comments, and references cited

‘Ethnic group’, the state and the politics of representation

The assertion, even if only by implication, that ‘ethnic group’ categories represent ‘real’ tangible entities, indeed identities, is commonplace not only in the realms of political and policy discourse but also amongst contemporary social scientists. This paper, following Brubaker (2002), questions this position in a number of key respects: of these three issues will dominate the discussion that follows. First, there is an interrogation of the proposition that those to whom the categories/labels refer constitute sociologically meaningful ‘groups’ as distinct from (mere) human collectivities. Secondly, there is the question of how these categories emerge, i.e. exactly what series of events, negotiations and contestations lie behind their construction and social acceptance. Thirdly, and as a corollary to the latter point, we explore the process of reification that leads to these categories being seen to represent ‘real things in the world’ (ibid.)

Protocol for a systematic review of preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and their suitability for the palliative care setting

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ INTRODUCTION: Despite informal caregivers' integral role in supporting people affected by disease or disability, economic evaluations often ignore the costs and benefits experienced by this group, especially in the palliative setting. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and provide guidance on the selection of instrument in palliative care economic evaluations.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive search of the literature will be conducted from database inception (ASSIA; CINAHL; Cochrane library including DARE, NHS EED, HTA; Econlit; Embase; PsychINFO; PubMed). Published peer-reviewed, English-language articles reporting preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes in any clinical area will be included. One researcher will complete the searches and screen the results for potentially eligible studies. A randomly selected subset of 10% citations will be independently screened by two researchers. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus among the research team. Subsequently, a supplementary search will identify studies detailing the development, valuation, validation and application of the identified instruments. The degree of suitability of the instruments for palliative economic evaluations will be assessed using criteria in the International Society for Quality of Life Research minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures, the checklist for reporting valuation studies of multiattribute utility-based instruments and information on the development of the instrument in the palliative setting. A narrative summary of the included studies and instruments will be provided; similarities and differences will be described and possible reasons for variations explored. Recommendations for practice on selection of instruments in palliative care economic analyses will be provided.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This is a planned systematic review of published literature. Therefore, ethics approval to conduct this research is not required. Findings will be presented at leading palliative care and health economic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016034188

Determination of the Kobayashi-Maskawa-Cabibbo matrix element V_{us} under various flavor-symmetry-breaking models in hyperon semileptonic decays

We study the success to describe hyperon semileptonic decays of four models that incorporate second-order SU(3) symmetry breaking corrections. The criteria to assess their success is by determining V_{us} in each of the three relevant hyperon semileptonic decays and comparing the values obtained with one another and also with the one that comes from K_{l3} decays. A strong dependence on the particular symmetry breaking model is observed. Values of V_{us} which do not agree with the one of K_{l3} are generally obtained. However, in the context of chiral perturbation theory, only the model whose corrections are O(m_s) and O(m_s^{3/2}) is successful. Using its predictions for the f_1 form factors one can quote a value of V_{us} from this model, namely, V_{us}=0.2176\pm 0.0026, which is in excellent agreement with the K_{l3} one.Comment: Final versio

Implications of Color Gauge Symmetry For Nucleon Spin Structure

We study the chromodynamical gauge symmetry in relation to the internal spin structure of the nucleon. We show that 1) even in the helicity eigenstates the gauge-dependent spin and orbital angular momentum operators do not have gauge-independent matrix element; 2) the evolution equations for the gluon spin take very different forms in the Feynman and axial gauges, but yield the same leading behavior in the asymptotic limit; 3) the complete evolution of the gauge-dependent orbital angular momenta appears intractable in the light-cone gauge. We define a new gluon orbital angular momentum distribution $L_g(x)$ which {\it is} an experimental observable and has a simple scale evolution. However, its physical interpretation makes sense only in the light-cone gauge just like the gluon helicity distribution $\Delta g(x)$y.Comment: Minor corrections are made in the tex

The geometry of entanglement: metrics, connections and the geometric phase

Using the natural connection equivalent to the SU(2) Yang-Mills instanton on the quaternionic Hopf fibration of $S^7$ over the quaternionic projective space ${\bf HP}^1\simeq S^4$ with an $SU(2)\simeq S^3$ fiber the geometry of entanglement for two qubits is investigated. The relationship between base and fiber i.e. the twisting of the bundle corresponds to the entanglement of the qubits. The measure of entanglement can be related to the length of the shortest geodesic with respect to the Mannoury-Fubini-Study metric on ${\bf HP}^1$ between an arbitrary entangled state, and the separable state nearest to it. Using this result an interpretation of the standard Schmidt decomposition in geometric terms is given. Schmidt states are the nearest and furthest separable ones lying on, or the ones obtained by parallel transport along the geodesic passing through the entangled state. Some examples showing the correspondence between the anolonomy of the connection and entanglement via the geometric phase is shown. Connections with important notions like the Bures-metric, Uhlmann's connection, the hyperbolic structure for density matrices and anholonomic quantum computation are also pointed out.Comment: 42 page