A Comprehensive Study on Utility of Carrier Transportation Layer for Efficiency Improvement of Organic Photovoltaic Devices using GPVDM Modeling

A comparative study on the electrical parameters of organic photovoltaic device has been taken into consideration for unified realization about the need of carrier transportation layer in organic photovoltaic devices. The parameters have been measured by modeling the devices using simulation technique. Device efficiency of transportation layer P3HT:PCBM incorporated device has been obtained increasing comparatively. Possible reason of such improvement in device efficiency has been demonstrated on the basis of theoretical point of view. Series resistance and ideality factor has been estimated from IdV/dI-I plot. About three times reduction of the following has been encountered with addition of P3HT:PCBM compound. Such significant reduction of series resistance (Rs) and trap energy (Et) are found to be responsible for the probable reason of improvement of device efficiency which are calculated by analyzing Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. Differential technique of current voltage relationship has also been implemented to explain the trapping distribution for both devices. It has been found that trap factor increases for P3HT:PCBM compound device comparatively which concludes better conduction into the device. &nbsp

A Comprehensive Study on Utility of Carrier Transportation Layer for Efficiency Improvement of Organic Photovoltaic Devices using GPVDM Modeling

A comparative study on the electrical parameters of organic photovoltaic device has been taken into consideration for unified realization about the need of carrier transportation layer in organic photovoltaic devices. The parameters have been measured by modeling the devices using simulation technique. Device efficiency of transportation layer P3HT:PCBM incorporated device has been obtained increasing comparatively. Possible reason of such improvement in device efficiency has been demonstrated on the basis of theoretical point of view. Series resistance and ideality factor has been estimated from IdV/dI-I plot. About three times reduction of the following has been encountered with addition of P3HT:PCBM compound. Such significant reduction of series resistance (Rs) and trap energy (Et) are found to be responsible for the probable reason of improvement of device efficiency which are calculated by analyzing Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. Differential technique of current voltage relationship has also been implemented to explain the trapping distribution for both devices. It has been found that trap factor increases for P3HT:PCBM compound device comparatively which concludes better conduction into the device. &nbsp

Crafting, Communality, and Computing: Building on Existing Strengths To Support a Vulnerable Population

In Nepal, sex-trafficking survivors and the organizations that support them have limited resources to assist the survivors in their on-going journey towards reintegration. We take an asset-based approach wherein we identify and build on the strengths possessed by such groups. In this work, we present reflections from introducing a voice-annotated web application to a group of survivors. The web application tapped into and built upon two elements of pre-existing strengths possessed by the survivors -- the social bond between them and knowledge of crafting as taught to them by the organization. Our findings provide insight into the array of factors influencing how the survivors act in relation to one another as they created novel use practices and adapted the technology. Experience with the application seemed to open knowledge of computing as a potential source of strength. Finally, we articulate three design desiderata that could help promote communal spaces: make activity perceptible to the group, create appropriable steps, and build in fun choices.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'20

High Resolution Methylome Map of Rat Indicates Role of Intragenic DNA Methylation in Identification of Coding Region

DNA methylation is crucial for gene regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. Rat has been a key model system in understanding mammalian systemic physiology, however detailed rat methylome remains uncharacterized till date. Here, we present the first high resolution methylome of rat liver generated using Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. We observed that within the DNA/RNA repeat elements, simple repeats harbor the highest degree of methylation. Promoter hypomethylation and exon hypermethylation were common features in both RefSeq genes and expressed genes (as evaluated by proteomic approach). We also found that although CpG islands were generally hypomethylated, about 6% of them were methylated and a large proportion (37%) of methylated islands fell within the exons. Notably, we obeserved significant differences in methylation of terminal exons (UTRs); methylation being more pronounced in coding/partially coding exons compared to the non-coding exons. Further, events like alternate exon splicing (cassette exon) and intron retentions were marked by DNA methylation and these regions are retained in the final transcript. Thus, we suggest that DNA methylation could play a crucial role in marking coding regions thereby regulating alternative splicing. Apart from generating the first high resolution methylome map of rat liver tissue, the present study provides several critical insights into methylome organization and extends our understanding of interplay between epigenome, gene expression and genome stability

Electrical Characteristics of a Turmeric Dye-Based Organic Thin Film Device and the Effect of Light on Barrier Height

Herbal (turmeric) dye-based organic thin film is fabricated and characterized to prepare thin film electronic devices (i.e., Al/turmeric/Cu diodes) for optoelectronic applications. The temperature-dependent current–voltage (I-V) characteristics were evaluated considering different conditions. The values of the ideality factor (n), series resistance (RS) and shunt resistance (Rsh) of the Al/turmeric/Cu diode were calculated using thermionic emission theory. The rectification ratio was found to be very high, and the current increased with the temperature. At 65 °C, RS was 56 KΩ, and at 28 °C, RS was 1.06 MΩ. The values of n, RS and Rsh were found to be 6.56, 8 KΩ and 100 KΩ, respectively. An interesting result obtained from the present work was that the series resistance decreased with the temperature, indicating the semiconducting behavior of the present dye material

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Not AvailableSUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AT ALL SCALES REQUIRE SOLID, SCIENCE - BASED INFORMATION. SOIL QUALITY ASSESSMENT CAN PROVIDE THIS REGARDING SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIETAL SERVICES. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO MAKE A REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOILS IN THE GARHWAL HIMALAYAS TO DETERMINE THEIR ABILITY TO PERFORM VARIOUS FUNCTIONS AND RESPOND TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES. FIVE FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES WERE ASSESSED USING 13 SOIL PARAMETERS FOCUSED ON ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY . HUMAN LAND USE EFFECTS ON SOILS WERE REFERRED TO NATURAL WOODLANDS AT EACH LANDSCAPE POSITION. WITHIN UPPER SLOPE REGIONS, FLORA AND FAUNA HABITAT, MOISTURE RETENTION , ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT CYCLING, AIR AND WATER INFILTRATION AND RESISTANCE TOEROSION DECREASED 35,27, 24,AND 9% RESPECTIVELY. AT MID - SLOPE POSITIONS THE ORDER AND MAGNITUDE OF DECREASE WERE ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT CYCLING, FLORA FAUNA HABITAT AND MOSITURE RETENTION (26,22 AND 16% RESPECTIVELY) . CHANGES WITHIN THE VALLEY WERE LOWEST AVERAGING - 3% FOR FLORA AND FAUNA HABITAT AND 13% FOR ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT CYCLING. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE MINIMUM DATA SET (MDS) USED PROVIDED A REPRESENTATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL QUALITY AND COULD SERVE AS A BASIS FOR ASSESSMENT IN SIMILAR TROPICAL WATERSHEDS.Not Availabl

17-α-Hydroxylase deficiency: An unusual case with primary amenorrhea and hypertension

A 14-year-old girl presented with acute onset quadriparesis and newly detected hypertension. Parental consanguinity, delayed puberty with normal stature form the additional information. Hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis, low cortisol, high ACTH and FSH pointed to the possibility of CAH with 17α hydroxylase deficiency. 46XX karyotype and high progesterone supported this. Normalization of hypokalemia and hypertension with glucocorticoid treatment confirmed the diagnosis. In summary, the possibility of 17 OHD should be suspected in patients with hypokalemic myopathy, Hypertension and hypogonadism so that appropriate therapy can be implemented

Synthesis and characterization of two Cu(II) complexes with a new pyrazole-based Schiff base ligand: crystallography, DNA interaction and antimicrobial activity of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes

<p>Reaction of Cu(II) nitrate with a new pyrazole-based Schiff base ligand, 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole-N-(2′-methylphenoxy)methyleneimine (MPzOA), afforded two types of Cu(II) complexes at different reaction temperatures, [Cu(MP_zOA)(NO₃)]₂ (<b>1</b>) and [Cu(3,7,11,15-tetramethylporphyrin)(H₂O)](NO₃)₂ (<b>2</b>), reported together with a Ni(II) complex, [Ni(MPzOA)₂(H₂O)₂]Br₂ (<b>3</b>). The compounds are characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analyses along with several physico-chemical and spectral parameters. Complex <b>1</b> is authenticated as a bis(μ-pyrazolato)dicopper(II), while <b>2</b> is a porphyrinogen and <b>3</b> is a distorted octahedral complex. Structural analyses of the complexes reveal that <b>1</b> crystallized in monoclinic <i>P2</i>_<i>1</i><i>/n</i> space group while <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> crystallized in monoclinic <i>C2/c</i> space group. DNA-binding studies of the complexes have shown that the complexes interact with CT-DNA. DNA-cleavage studies with plasmid DNA have shown that <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> induce extensive DNA cleavage in the presence of H₂O₂ as an additive, whereas there is no change in degradation of super-coiled DNA by <b>3</b> in the presence of additive. The antimicrobial studies of the complexes against <i>Escherichia coli</i> DH5α bacteria strain indicated that all the complexes were capable of killing <i>E. coli</i> with different LD50 values.</p

Syntheses, X-ray Crystal Structures, DNA Binding, Oxidative Cleavage Activities and Antimicrobial Studies of Two Cu(II) Hydrazone Complexes

From a mononuclear Cu(II)-hydrazone complex [Cu(PBH)2] (1), one l1,1-azido bridged dinuclear Cu(II) complex having the formula [{Cu(PBH)(l1,1-NNN)}2] (2) (where HPBH = 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone) has been synthesised. Both the complexes are characterised by elemental analyses, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopic studies. The tridentate hydrazone pro-ligand (HPBH) is obtained by the condensation of benzhydrazide and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. The structures of the complexes have conclusively been established by the X-ray single crystal diffraction method. Complex 1 and 2 both display DNA binding ability, which is ascertained by UV–Vis titration and cyclic voltammetric studies using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The apparent binding constants (Kapp) are of moderate values and are 2.048 � 104 M�1 (±0.006) and 1.644 � 104 M�1 (±0.005), respectively. The modes of binding of the complexes with CT-DNA has been investigated using circular dichroism, ethidium bromide displacement assay and viscosity measurements. The cleavage properties of these complexes as well as the free proligand with super coiled (SC) pUC19 are studied using the gel electrophoresis method, where both the complexes displayed chemical nuclease activity in the presence of H2O2 via an oxidative mechanism. The antimicrobial study using the free pro-ligand, 1 and 2 against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are performed, 2 showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria whereas the free ligand and 1 show no antibacterial activity