Typology of decision making in high ranking managers of public sector in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province according to substantive rationality and instrumental rationality: Part 1

The Among the responsibilities which mangers are, in most theories and concepts on management, supposed to assume is decision making which is indeed considered as one of the main criteria in confirming their qualifications and/or assigning them to positions. Decision making is the main essence of management process and the heartbeat of the organization. Methods: The sample population consisted of 51 high ranking managers of the public sector and the questionnaire administration was done according to census method. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, etc. Results: Decision making style of 120 (39.2 of the) participants was based on substantive rationality and that of the rest was based on instrumental rationality. In addition, the results indicated no association between decision making style and age and management history, partial association between decision making style and organizational nature, and strong association between decision making style and academic degree (the participants with higher academic degrees had instrumental decision making style). Conclusion: Regarding the present study's results, we offer some recommendations on change of predominant paradigms in managerial environment of public organizations according to Islamic values and special attention to modifying the managers' decision making style according to organizations' nature

Estimation of Coloration Properties of PA6/TiO2 Nanocomposites Based on Combined Light Scattering Theories

Optical properties of nanocomposites areimportant and useful in their consumer satisfaction capacities. In thisresearch, coloration properties of dyed PA6/nano TiO2 nanocompositeis studied using a combined Mie and Kubelka-Munk light scattering theory. Mietheory uses the relative refractive index of a small particle to calculate thelight scattering efficiency of a material while Kubelka-Munk theory inputsthese efficiencies in order to evaluate the optical properties of a multiplescattering opaque object. Optical properties of a Polyamide 6/Nano TitaniumDioxide films containing 0.01% and 0.03% nano TiO2 particles with40nm and 50nm radius respectively, was investigated after dyeing with twodifferent acid dyes and then compared to experimental measurements. Then thespectral reflectance and color values of nanocomposites with different particlesizes were predicted using the same method. Results show that by taking the refractiveindex as an intrinsic property of a particle, it is possible to estimate andmodel the coloration properties with a defined size while in addition; it canhelp to predict these properties for different particle sizes

Estimation of Coloration Properties of PA6/TiO2 Nanocomposites Based on Combined Light Scattering Theories

Optical properties of nanocomposites areimportant and useful in their consumer satisfaction capacities. In thisresearch, coloration properties of dyed PA6/nano TiO2 nanocompositeis studied using a combined Mie and Kubelka-Munk light scattering theory. Mietheory uses the relative refractive index of a small particle to calculate thelight scattering efficiency of a material while Kubelka-Munk theory inputsthese efficiencies in order to evaluate the optical properties of a multiplescattering opaque object. Optical properties of a Polyamide 6/Nano TitaniumDioxide films containing 0.01% and 0.03% nano TiO2 particles with40nm and 50nm radius respectively, was investigated after dyeing with twodifferent acid dyes and then compared to experimental measurements. Then thespectral reflectance and color values of nanocomposites with different particlesizes were predicted using the same method. Results show that by taking the refractiveindex as an intrinsic property of a particle, it is possible to estimate andmodel the coloration properties with a defined size while in addition; it canhelp to predict these properties for different particle sizes

Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Al-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Produced by Mechanical Milling and Hot-Pressing

In this study, Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders containing 5, 10 and 15 Wt% of nanopowder were produced by mechanical alloying. For comparing, Al-Al2O3 composite powder containing 5Wt% of micrometric Al2O3 was also produced. The powder was then hot-pressed in a mold to produce bulked parts. The effect of Al2O3 content on grain growth, density, hardness and bending strength of bulked composite was discussed and microstructures were investigated by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that when nanometric particles were used instead of micrometric particles the grain growth was reduced, while the increase of particle weight percentage did not affect the grain growth. The results also showed that when weight percentage of nanometric particles was increased, although hardness of bulked parts was increased but relative density and bending strength was reduced severely. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3493

Examination of causes behind procrastination among Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences employees and proposing some strategies for their preventing: A study using the Van Wyk’s Model

Background: Competition among the organizations and enterprises plays a particularly important role in the gathering of the profits and acquisition of internal and external resources. Procrastination is one of the main barriers to efforts made towards increasing the productivity and efficiency in the organizations. Accordingly, the main goal of this research was to explore the reasons of procrastination among the employees based on Van Wyk’s model and present some strategies for preventing it. Methods: Descriptive-analytical in nature, this study was conducted on a sample of 200 employees selected from Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences using a self-designed checklist developed based on the informational components incorporated in the Van Wyk’s model. This model consists of 9 factors affecting the level of procrastination observed among the employees i.e. resistance, boredom, perfectionism, last-minute syndrome, lack of motivation for a task, fear of failure, skill deficit, rebelliousness and disorganization. The validity of the developed checklist was checked using its assessment by the expert professors and its reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Both of them were confirmed (Cronbach's alpha of 90%). To analyze the data, T-test and variance analysis were used.Results: The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between employee’s resistance, boredom, perfectionism and lack of motivation for task and procrastination (p=0.001); however, the association between fear of failure, rebelliousness and disorganization and procrastination was not statistically significant (p=0.871).Conclusions: The availability of high quality organizational capital will enhance the chance of organization’s success, survival and advancement. As a result, identifying the attributes of human resources and the factors influencing their efficiency so as to exploit the human capital more optimally and remove the reasons of procrastination is of high significance.

Assessment of aging effects on porcelain repair systems discoloration

Introduction: The selection of porcelain is based on high biocompatibility, endurance, superficial texture and aesthetics. Nevertheless, the innate fracture charateritics of porcelain is the main cause of the intra oral fractures. Electing a suitable porcelain restorative system in terms of stability of color is important. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the color changes of common porcelain repair materials. Methods: Using a silicon mold, 30 pieces of feldspathic porcelain in A3 color, 10mm of diameter and 2 mm of thickness were prepared. The samples were randomly distributed into three groups: Group 1: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Composite Group 2: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Panavia F 2.0-Bonding-Silane-Porcelain Group 3: Porcelain-Silane-Bonding-Choice 2 -Bonding-Silane-Porcelain The aging process was accomplished with thermocyling (3000 cycles, 5/55 degree), incubation in 37° and 100° humidity. Thereafter, discoloration was assessed In CIE system via designation of color transforming matrix in MATLAB environment . Results: The average quantitative amount of discoloration at day 0, 90 and 180 were 76.8±0.57, 79.15±0.52, 80.13±0.6 for Choice, 78.03±0.9, 79.42±0.82, 80.17±0.51 for Panavia, and 78.41±1.53, 79.59±0.77, 81.03±0.63 for Composite, respectively. The color changes by the time were significant for the all three groups (p<001).Calculating day 0-180 color changes, mean color differences for Choice, Panavia and Composite groups were 3.33±0.83 , 2.13±1.23, and 2.61±1.6, respectively. The color changes did not differ in the studied groups (p<0.133). Conclusions: Post-aging color changes were significant, although all samples had color changes less than 3.5. Considering the clinical significance of color changes of more than 3.5, these results were acceptable and all three restorative materials could reliably be applied in the daily clinical use

Angiogenesis and expression of tenascin after transmural laser revascularization

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) with CO2-laser equipment is an alternative approach in the treatment of patients with severe ischemic cardiac disease. Several studies concerning morphological features after TMR document a strong transmyocardial injury, but little is known about wound healing in laserinduced alterations of the cardiac skeleton and their putative role for angiogenesis and endothelialization. The present study was conducted to establish a useful immunohistochemical marker for detection of these laser-induced injuries and to analyze starting points of angiogenesis in human myocardium after TMR. Our data show that tenascin labeling is a useful immunohistochemical approach to detect laser-alterated segments of the cardiac skeleton as well as laser-induced fibrosis. Starting points of the angiogenetic process are seen throughout the margins of laser-induced lesions, where myocardial capillaries are found. Disrupted vessels located within laser-alterated connective tissue septa are not major starting points for endothelialization of laser-induced lesions and for capillary sprouts. In comparison to laser-induced fibrosis, induction and promotion of angiogenesis by laser radiation is weak

Plantinum Complexes of 2-Pyridylphosphines

The 2-pyridyiphosphine ligands are analogues of the ligand triphenyiphosphine (PPh₃) with the phenyl groups being sequentially replaced by 2-pyridyl groups (PN[sub n]; n=1,PN₁= PPh₂py; n=2, PN₂=PPhpy₂;n=3, PN₃=Ppy₃). Replacement of the phenyl groups with 2-pyridyl groups adds heteropolydentate characteristics as well as hydrophilic properties to these tertiary phosphine ligands. Zero-valent platinum complexes with PN ligands, namely Pt(PN₁)₃ and Pt(PN₃)₄ have been previously synthesized. In this work, the complex Pt(PN₂)₃ was synthesized and characterized using ³¹P{¹H} and ¹⁹⁵Pt{¹H} NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The reaction of Pt(PN₂)₃ with methyl iodide resulted in the formation of trans- Pt(Me)I(PN₂)₂, similar to the reaction of Pt(PPh₃)₃ with methyl iodide. The tetrakis (PN₂) complex, Pt(PN₂)₄ was observed to be formed in situ, using ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy, when aCD₂Cl₂ solution containing a mixture of Pt(PN₂)₃ and PN₂ was cooled to -60° C. The reaction of dioxygen with solutions of Pt(PN₁)₃ and Pt(PN₂)₃ resulted in the formation of dioxygen complexes. The isolated compounds were characterized using NMR (³¹P{¹H} and ¹⁹⁵Pt{¹H}) and infrared spectroscopy, and the structures were found to be side-on bonded peroxo complexes analogous to the well-characterized triphenylphosphine complex Pt(O₂)(PPh₃)₂.Both Pt(O₂)(PN₁)₂ and Pt(O₂)(PN₂)₂ were found to react with gaseous HCl to form the dichioro compounds cis- PtCl₂(PN₁)₂ and cis- PtCl₂ (PN₂)₂,respectively, with concomitant formation of H₂O₂, similar to the reported reaction of Pt(O₂)(PPh₃)2 with HCl. Attempts to use the Pt(O₂)(PPh₃)₂/HCl system for the catalytic O₂-oxidation of the thioether diethyl sulfide, at room temperature, were unsuccessful, although stoichiometric oxidation occurred via the liberated H₂O₂. None of the zero-valent platinum 2-pyridyiphosphine complexes was soluble in water. However, reaction of aqueous suspensions of either Pt(PN₂)₃ or Pt(PN₃)₄ with aqueous HCl resulted in protonation of the 2-pyridyl moieties of the coordinated phosphine ligands, and hence water-solubilization of the complexes. Metathesis of the chloride ion within the proton containing products using PF₆- or BPh₄- salts enabled isolation of the 2-pyridinium salts from water. The chloride salts of the PN₂ and PN₃ 2-pyridinium complexes were synthesized by reaction of THF solutions of Pt(PN₂)₃ and Pt(PN₃)₄,respectively, with DMA HCl (N,N’-dimethylacetamide hydrochloride). The water-soluble 2-pyridinium PN₂ and PN₃ salts were characterized by ³¹P{¹H} NMR and infrared spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis, and are considered to be Pt(PN₂)₃ 2HX and Pt(PN₃)₃ HX, respectively, where X is Cl, PF₆,or BPh₄. The Pt(PN₂)₃ 2HCl species in CH₂Cl₂ converts reversibly at lower temperature to trans PtHCl(PN₂)₂,and in acetone at ambient temperature to cis- PtCl₂(PN₂)₂. The presence of unprotonated pyridyl groups appears to be necessary for the water solubilization of Pt(PN₂)₃ and Pt(PN₃)₄: no water-soluble 2-pyridinium complexes were formed on acidification of an aqueous suspension of Pt(PN₁)₃.This is confirmed by the reaction of Pt(PN₁)₃ with DMA•HCl which resulted in the formation of the covalent products cis PtCl₂(PN₁)₂ and trans- PtHCl(PN₁).Science, Faculty ofChemistry, Department ofGraduat