Difficultés Relatives A L’enseignement-Apprentissage De La Géologie En Classes Secondaires Qualifiantes Cas De La Délégation d’Inzegane Ait Melloul

The present study attempts to identify the difficulties of teaching and learning geology in Moroccan secondary qualifying classes. Teachers of the Life Sciences and Earth Sciences and their pupils at the Inzegane Ait Melloul delegation were administered questionnaires. Based on the analysis of the themes taught and the typologies of obstacles evoked, a bibliographic synthesis allowed us to list the notions which are likely to pose the difficulties presumed in geology. Thus, 23 open and closed questions were distributed to seven teachers. Also, ten questions were distributed to students. The results showed that both pupils and teachers experience several difficulties in the teaching and learning of geology. Thus, the various means of continuing education in geology which are made available to teachers were disqualified. It involves only a minority of them. This is in addition to the complexity of the geological content and the insufficiency of its hourly volume. The excessive number of pupils causes the classes to be overloaded, in which the weak prerequisite is added in the geology of these pupils. The difficulties of learning geology are largely related to the relationship that this discipline maintains with space and long time. This, therefore, make it difficult for pupils to understand several complex geological phenomena. The ineffectiveness of teaching methods tailored to the classroom by teachers, the absence, failure or lack of mobilization of teaching and ICT resources, inadequacy or absence of field trips, and the manipulations and negligence of scientific modeling in majority of the classes surveyed influences the learning of geology as well as the students' interest in these courses. This makes it a boring and unwelcome matter for most students

Distance learning in the wake of COVID-19 in Morocco

The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been one of the priorities of the Moroccan education system that date back to pre-COVID-19 period. Since 1999, the National Charter for Education and Training has accorded great importance to distance education (DE) and learning. Several programmes and initiatives (such as GENIE, NAFIDA, Telmidtice, Lycée Attahadi, …) were launched and funded by the government to promote the use of ICT in schools. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the shift to distance education was mandated to ensure pedagogical continuity. In the current study, a mixed-method research approach was used to assess the extent to which the adoption of distance learning in public educational institutions can ensure pedagogical continuity in Morocco during the outbreak period started from April to June 2020. The Analysis of the data collected from the quantitative study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic, DE was used occasionally due to the lack of technological equipment or knowledge and expertise to use it. During the COVID-19 crisis, 1teachers resorted to self-training and used available social media tools to support learners by sharing various resources with them. In addition, the data collected from the participatory observation of two virtual classes on the «Zoom» and «Teams » platforms showed that the use of videoconferencing in Morocco contributed, even partially, to solving the problem of pedagogical continuity. The experience of lessons broadcast in synchronous mode showed promising results at the technical level in terms of student participation and interactivity, resource sharing and transfer and a favorable classroom climate. However, there is still a lot of work to be done at the pedagogical and didactic level to better exploit the potential of this technology. On the other hand, the Ministry of Education is expected to make a huge effort to guarantee equal access to technology and the internet in order to ensure equitable education, especially in rural areas