Vers une analyse de scénarios pour la conception d'outils chirurgicaux

Lors de la conception de produits innovants, il est indispensable que les prototypes soient testés par les utilisateurs tout au long du processus de conception. Dans le cadre de la Chirurgie Minimalement Invasive (Minimally Invasive Surgery ou MIS en anglais), nous avons l'intention d'impliquer fortement le chirurgien dans les propositions d'améliorations des nouveaux outils chirurgicaux, mais également dans les tests de la procédure opératoire innovante liée à ces outils. Pour répondre à ce besoin, nous avons abordé dans ce papier les notions de Conception Centrée Utilisateur, de Conception Participative et de Conception Basée sur les Scénarios. Nous détaillons également les travaux menés avec les chirurgiens qui nous ont permis de proposer des premières utilisations de prototypes lors de scénarios mettant en scène les utilisateurs. La fin de ce papier est consacrée aux premiers résultats d'analyse de ces scénarios

Modelling decision and data dependencies in engineer-to-order project management

[From introduction] Dependency modelling has become a useful tool for understanding and managing product development processes. In this article, we propose a framework to manage ETO projects including basically three levels of collaboration: technical, mono-project and multi-project. The framework looks at information exchange between partners forming a part of a supply chain

Processus de conception centé utilisateur à base de scenario : application à la conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants en chirurgie mini-invasive

This PhD research is a contribution to the design process of innovative surgical instruments, particularly for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for which the collaboration of surgeons and engineers is inevitable. Reviewing the literature shows that there is a gap between what surgeons need and what the engineers design. An approach to fill this gap is to build a design process which enables surgeons and engineers to work together, or in other words, enables the designer to integrate the surgeon in the design process. Taking the action research as the research method, this thesis went through the action of a 2-year design project of an MIS instrument, Protige, and observed and captured the experiment. The analyses of the corpus of observation showed new aspects of design process: the coevolution of product and usage during the process, and the role of the expert user in the design progression. These results led to propose new descriptions of design process, such as emulation step and expert- UCD, and provided bases for proposing a descriptive design process model for innovative surgical instruments. The validity of the proposed model was examined by applying to another MIS instrument design, and an informatic structure was proposed as a support for the process model.Cette thèse est une contribution au développement du processus de conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants, plus particulièrement pour la conception d'instruments dans le domaine de la chirurgie minimalement invasive pour lesquels la collaboration du chirurgien et de l'ingénieur est indispensable. L'objet de recherche de cette thèse est de mieux connaître la pratique de conception dans ce domaine particulier dans le but de proposer un modèle amélioré de processus de conception. L'étude bibliographique montre l'écart important entre l'approche médicale (validation clinique) et l'approche de l'ingénierie (conception innovante). Pour combler cet écart, un moyen peut être la mise en place de nouvelles méthodes de conception permettant une étroite collaboration entre l'ingénieur et le chirurgien. Dans ce contexte, il s'agit de trouver un équilibre entre les méthodes d'ingénieries pures et les méthodes centrées utilisateurs. Nous basant sur la recherche-action comme méthode de recherche de ce travail, nous nous sommes lancés dans l'action de conception d'un instrument chirurgical innovant, le projet Protige, afin d'observer et de capturer cette expérimentation. Les différentes analyses du corpus de ce projet nous ont aidés à découvrir et identifier de nouveaux aspects du processus de conception, comme la coévolution du produit et de l'usage et le rôle de l'utilisateur expert dans le processus. Finalement, nous avons proposé une modélisations descriptive de processus de conception, incluant les concepts d'émulation et de Conception Centrée Utilisateur Expert (Expert-UCD) pour ensuite formaliser une méthode prescriptive de processus de conception pour les instruments chirurgicaux innovants. Ce modèle a été éprouvé sur un nouveau cas de conception d'un instrument pour la chirurgie minimalement invasive. Une architecture informatique a été proposée comme support de cette proposition de modèle

Processus de conception centé utilisateur à base de scenario : application à la conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants en chirurgie mini-invasive

Cette thèse est une contribution au développement du processus de conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants, plus particulièrement pour la conception d'instruments dans le domaine de la chirurgie minimalement invasive pour lesquels la collaboration du chirurgien et de l'ingénieur est indispensable. L'objet de recherche de cette thèse est de mieux connaître la pratique de conception dans ce domaine particulier dans le but de proposer un modèle amélioré de processus de conception. L'étude bibliographique montre l'écart important entre l'approche médicale (validation clinique) et l'approche de l'ingénierie (conception innovante). Pour combler cet écart, un moyen peut être la mise en place de nouvelles méthodes de conception permettant une étroite collaboration entre l'ingénieur et le chirurgien. Dans ce contexte, il s'agit de trouver un équilibre entre les méthodes d'ingénieries pures et les méthodes centrées utilisateurs. Nous basant sur la recherche-action comme méthode de recherche de ce travail, nous nous sommes lancés dans l'action de conception d'un instrument chirurgical innovant, le projet Protige, afin d'observer et de capturer cette expérimentation. Les différentes analyses du corpus de ce projet nous ont aidés à découvrir et identifier de nouveaux aspects du processus de conception, comme la coévolution du produit et de l'usage et le rôle de l'utilisateur expert dans le processus. Finalement, nous avons proposé une modélisations descriptive de processus de conception, incluant les concepts d'émulation et de Conception Centrée Utilisateur Expert (Expert-UCD) pour ensuite formaliser une méthode prescriptive de processus de conception pour les instruments chirurgicaux innovants. Ce modèle a été éprouvé sur un nouveau cas de conception d'un instrument pour la chirurgie minimalement invasive. Une architecture informatique a été proposée comme support de cette proposition de modèle.This PhD research is a contribution to the design process of innovative surgical instruments, particularly for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for which the collaboration of surgeons and engineers is inevitable. Reviewing the literature shows that there is a gap between what surgeons need and what the engineers design. An approach to fill this gap is to build a design process which enables surgeons and engineers to work together, or in other words, enables the designer to integrate the surgeon in the design process. Taking the action research as the research method, this thesis went through the action of a 2-year design project of an MIS instrument, Protige, and observed and captured the experiment. The analyses of the corpus of observation showed new aspects of design process: the coevolution of product and usage during the process, and the role of the expert user in the design progression. These results led to propose new descriptions of design process, such as emulation step and expert- UCD, and provided bases for proposing a descriptive design process model for innovative surgical instruments. The validity of the proposed model was examined by applying to another MIS instrument design, and an informatic structure was proposed as a support for the process model.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Expert user-centred design, a cooperative product development approach

13 pagesInternational audienceUser integration into the design process has brought challenges to the design theories and practices. Numerous design methods exist concerning the user integration, like the user-centred design (UCD), but no special attention paid the user expertise. Nevertheless, in design of user dependent product such as surgical and aviation navigation, the user plays an active role in the design progression. An aim of our study was to understand if the new contribution of the user can affect the design process, and needs more consideration. The design process of a surgical instrument was investigated, in which the surgeon took the role of expert user. A case in minimally invasive spine surgery has been studied and the results showed a strong contribution of expert user. Finally, a new model for expert user-centred design has been proposed

Expert user-centred design, a cooperative product development approach

13 pagesInternational audienceUser integration into the design process has brought challenges to the design theories and practices. Numerous design methods exist concerning the user integration, like the user-centred design (UCD), but no special attention paid the user expertise. Nevertheless, in design of user dependent product such as surgical and aviation navigation, the user plays an active role in the design progression. An aim of our study was to understand if the new contribution of the user can affect the design process, and needs more consideration. The design process of a surgical instrument was investigated, in which the surgeon took the role of expert user. A case in minimally invasive spine surgery has been studied and the results showed a strong contribution of expert user. Finally, a new model for expert user-centred design has been proposed

Scenarios and the design process in medical application

6 pagesInternational audienceHow to make healthcare products and systems fit the work they are to support is a question that has received growing attention over the last decade. In most of the studies trying to answer this question, engineers put an effort to provide the best possible technical solution, but they dispose the important position of users. Design studies in different domains indicated a focus on the users and proposed some methodologies and tools. Scenario-based design as a design method provided many advantages in design of products and artifacts dealing with users. This paper investigates the use of scenarios in design development of healthcare products, and proposes a new concept of using scenarios in the design of medical application

Education in healthcare engineering: learn from, collaborate with and design for an expert user

International audienceNumerous design methods exist concerning user integration in the design process, but there is no focus or special attention on users type. The main importance of user in "user-depended design" is to provide the better understanding of user and user's needs. Moreover, the integration procedure of the user in design may change from one type to another depending on product type. In this paper we will focus on a type we call "expert user", and will try to observe this expert user in design process, in order to understand and analyze his/her needs, behavior, and interaction. As a case, the collaboration of two surgeons in a new surgical instrument design is studied, using scenario-based approach. Some points are exploited and the eventual influences on the design are discussed

Engineering Design in surgery: An analysis model for prototype validation

International audienceMany surgical instruments consist of basic mechanical components which are common in mechanical design. New surgeries performed with better results thanks to these instruments, but the question is how these instruments were designed and developed? How the confrontation between surgical needs and engineering solution can end to a well designed instrument? One experimental stage in surgical design is prototyping and validation by the surgeon in the real use situation, we call it emulation. In this article we study a new surgical instrument design as a design process, and try to make out the details from observed emulation steps. The main object is to develop an analyse model for detailing surgical procedure, in order to have a focused vision on prototype validation. This model aims also to provide some helps in requirement analysis for the designer in conceptual design