Scheduling Policies in Time and Frequency Domains for LTE Downlink Channel: A Performance Comparison

A key feature of the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system is that the packet scheduler can make use of the channel quality information (CQI), which is periodically reported by user equipment either in an aggregate form for the whole downlink channel or distinguished for each available subchannel. This mechanism allows for wide discretion in resource allocation, thus promoting the flourishing of several scheduling algorithms, with different purposes. It is therefore of great interest to compare the performance of such algorithms under different scenarios. Here, we carry out a thorough performance analysis of different scheduling algorithms for saturated User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic sources, as well as consider both the time- and frequency-domain versions of the schedulers and for both flat and frequency-selective channels. The analysis makes it possible to appreciate the difference among the scheduling algorithms and to assess the performance gain, in terms of cell capacity, users' fairness, and packet service time, obtained by exploiting the richer, but heavier, information carried by subchannel CQI. An important part of this analysis is a throughput guarantee scheduler, which we propose in this paper. The analysis reveals that the proposed scheduler provides a good tradeoff between cell capacity and fairness both for TCP and UDP traffic sources

An in silico investigation of phytochemicals as potential inhibitors against non-structural protein 1 from dengue virus 4

Dengue fever has emerged as a big threat to human health since the last decade owing to high morbidity with considerable mortalities. The proposed study aims at the in silico investigation of the inhibitory action against DENV4-NS1 of phytochemicals from two local medicinal plants of Pakistan. Non-Structural Protein 1 of Dengue Virus 4 (DENV4-NS1) is known to be involved in the replication and maturation of viron in the host cells. A total of 129 phytochemicals (50 from Tanacetum parthenium and 79 from Silybum marianum) were selected for this study. The tertiary structure of DENV4-NS1 was predicted based on homology modelling using Modeller 9.18 and the structural stability was evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) along with the drug-likeness was also predicted for these phytochemicals using SwissADME and PreADMET servers. The results of ADMET and drug-likeness predictions exhibited that 54 phytochemicals i.e. 25 from Tanacetum parthenium and 29 from Silybum marianum showed effective druglikeness. These phytochemicals were docked against DENV4-NS1 using AutoDock Vina and 18 most suitable phytochemicals with binding affinities ≤ -6.0 kcal/mol were selected as potential inhibitors for DENV4-NS1. Proposed study also exploits the novel inhibitory action of Jaceidin, Centaureidin, Artecanin, Secotanaparthenolide, Artematin, Schizolaenone B, Isopomiferin, 6, 8-Diprenyleriodictyol, and Anthraxin against dengue virus. It is concluded that the screened 18 phytochemicals have strong inhibition potential against Dengue Virus 4

A Corpus-Based Comparative Study of Derivational Morphemes Across ENL, ESL, EFL Learners Through ICNALE

This corpus-based comparative study was about morphemic derivational patterns in grammatical categories: adjective, noun and verbs in different varieties: English as native language (ENL), English as second language (ESL), and English as foreign language (EFL). This study was done on data collected from ICNALE in which learners’ data from three different varieties of English was compared. The data was tagged through CLAWS tagger and analyzed through AntConc software. In result of analysis, the frequency-based differences in the morphemic derivational patterns were observed after normalizing the data. Such differences across varieties in morphemic patterns were realized through the existence and absence of derivational morphemes. The results showed that the native speakers have higher ability of using a greater number of morphemic patterns than second and foreign language speakers of English. Due to their native like competence, they are more competent is the usage of morphemic derivational patterns. Those distinctive patterns should also be taken as pedagogical implication for second and foreign language learners of English. It can also be helpful for second and foreign language learners in achieving native like ability to use English language

AVICENINO NAUČAVANJE O ARTERIJSKOJ HIPETENZIJI

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Data from observational studies indicate that it may affect 90% of the general population during their lifetime. Despite much research that has been done, the exact cause of this disorder is still unknown. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in his masterpiece The Canon of Medicine described most of the clinical features, causes, and complications which are consistent with hypertension symptoms based on modern medicine. He described in detail the symptoms of hypertension such as headache, heaviness in the head, sluggish movements, general redness and warm to touch feel of the body, prominent, distended and tense veins, fullness of the pulse, distension of the skin, coloured and dense urine, loss of appetite, weak eye sight, impairment of thinking, yawning, and drowsiness. Moreover, Avicenna described haemorrhage and sudden death as the complications of hypertension. Due to the importance of this issue, we wanted to call the reader’s attention to Avicenna’s views about what corresponds to hypertension in modern medicine.Arterijska hipertenzija među glavnim je rizičnim čimbenicima nastanka bolesti srca i krvožilja. Podaci iz opažajnih ispitivanja ukazuju na to da se arterijska hipertenzija tijekom života javlja u 90% opće populacije. Unatoč intenzivnom istraživanju, još nije utvrđen uzrok ovoga poremećaja. Avicena (Ibn Sina) je u svom kapitalnom djelu Kanon medicine opisao većinu kliničkih manifestacija, uzroka i komplikacija koje odgovaraju modernom opisu simptoma hipertenzije. Do pojedinosti je opisao simptome poput glavobolje, osjećaja težine u glavi, usporenosti, općeg crvenila, toploga tijela na dodir, izraženo proširenih i tvrdih vena, punoće bila, rastezanja kože, obojane i guste mokraće, gubitka teka, oslabjela vida, otežanog razmišljanja, zijevanja i pospanosti. Kao komplikacije hipertenzije Avicena navodi krvarenje i naglu smrt. Zbog važnosti teme, htjeli smo ovim člankom prenijeti Avicenino viđenje onoga što se danas u medicini naziva hipertenzijom

New Technique for Estimation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

New, basic and quick method showing ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy was produced and approved for the estimation of ciprofloxacin in immaculate shape and in separate details. The occupants of business tablets planning did not meddle with the test. The satisfactory medication solvency finish and most extreme test affectability was found as potassium ciprofloxacin salt, the potassium ciprofloxacin salt  show greatest absorbance at (335 nm) in absorbance spectrum, and the calibration curve was found to be linear in the stated concentration range of (2-10 g.mL-1) and (Y= 0.0784X + 0.0547) as line equation, (R2=0.9985) as Correlation Coefficient, (+0.054714) as Intercept, (0.078363) as Slope, (SEE=0.009558) as Standard Error of Estimate, (0.999999885) as Chi-Square(The goodness of fit between observed values and those expected theoretically), (RSD=0.019475788) as Relative Standard Deviation,  and (R2 =0.99854471) as Multiple Correlation Coefficien

PRODUCTION OF HYPERIMMUNE SERUM AGAINST INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS IN RABBITS

The early and accurate diagnosis of infectious bursal disease requires known hyperimmune serum against the disease. In this study, an attempt was made to raise anti-infectious bursal disease virus hyperimmune serum in rabbits. The infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus was isolated from field outbreaks, identified, purified, titrated and its infectivity titre was determined in embryonated eggs. Three different semi purified and purified doses were prepared for inoculation in rabbits: (i) chloroform treated IBD virus; (ii) ultra centrifuged and resuspended virus using sucrose as gradients and (iii) pelleted and resuspended virus with addition of incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Killed IBD virus vaccine (Cevac IBDK) was used as 4th inoculum. It was observed that the serum collected after series of inoculation of 1st and 2nd inoculum provided maximum antibody titre upto log26 and Log29, respectively. However, the serum collected after series of injection of 3rd and 4th inoculum gave maximum indirect haemagglutination (IHA) titer (log210). This study suggested that live antigen containing incomplete Freund's adjuvant provided better immune response and may be a good choice for raising a hyperimmune serum against IBD virus in rabbits

THE EFFECT OF USING RUBBER TIER AND GLASS WASTE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTAR

This research studies the effect of rubber tier waste and waste glass together on the properties of cement mortar and used mixing ratio (1: 3) and has been added rubber tier waste ratio are (10%, 20%, and 30%). Has been added waste glass ratio are (10%, 20%and 30 %) and also added rubber tier waste and waste glass together ratio are (10%, 20% and 30%) by weight of the replacement of cement. This study includes mechanical properties such as compressive strength and physical properties such as water absorption, density and also setting time. The results obtained from the study that compressive strength decreases when increasing the percentage of additives of mortar .The water absorption increased when the percentage of additive is increased. The density decrease when both percentage of additive increase in mortar cement. Also, the setting time increases when the percentage of additive is increase

Design of nimesulide-chitosan microparticles by pH change coacervation

The present study involves the preparation of nimesulide-chitosan microparticles (NCM) as sustained delivery carriers with different polymer concentrations by pH change coacervation method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Microparticle size was measured using light microscope. The drug release from NCM was tested by the rotating basket method of USP and the dissolution data were analyzed assuming various kinetic models. According to the results, the mean diameter and morphology of various batches of prepared NCM was 102 ± 1.95 μm to 152 ± 1.73 μm and yellowish rough spheres, respectively. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric analysis confirmed the compatibility of nimesulide with chitosan. X-ray diffractometry showed that there is a decrease in crystallinity of the drug after microencapsulation. All batches of NCM showed good flow properties. The rate of drug release decreased with increased concentration of chitosan. Formulation F5 was found to be an optimum formulation depending upon good encapsulation efficiency (65.87 ± 3.44 %) and smaller size (103 ± 3.37 μm). Maximum amount of drug release was 90.03 % in 12 h. The drug release data was analyzed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation to calculate the diffusional exponent (n), which indicated diffusion pattern of nimesulide release. The stability studies of the NCM showed that drug was fully stable in microparticles at storage conditions of room temperature, 37 °C, 25 °C/60 % relative humidity (RH) and 45 °C/60 % RH, for 3 months using stability testing chamber. The present combination for encapsulating nimesulide demonstrates an effective way to prolong the drug release.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire