Husholdningssagens betydning for den lille bys modernitet – kvinders uddannelse og erhverv inden for husholdning 1890-1940

Frem til 1900-tallet havde danske kvinder kun få uddannelsesmuligheder. Men de samfundsmæssige forandringer, der fulgte med moderniteten, påvirkede kvinders dengang dominerende beskæftigelse inden for husholdning og førte til nye uddannelsesmuligheder inden for dette område.  Husholdningssagen voksede således frem i slutningen af 1800-tallet som en flersidig argumentation for at gøre husholdning til et videns- og uddannelsesområde, der skulle sikre kvinders uddannelsesmuligheder og folkets sundhed.  Fra starten af 1900-tallet blev der etableret mange husholdningsskoler landet over, særligt i landområder og omkring de mindre byer. Skolerne var meget søgte og sikrede kvinder en uddannelse og en levevej. Sådanne udviklinger kan ses som båret frem af flere forskellige tidsrelaterede forhold og fik i sig selv indflydelse på disse. Det gælder forhold som den gryende velfærdsstats ideer om uddannelse til alle, et ændret arbejdsmarked, kampen for kvindefrigørelse og ligestilling, og endelig også perioder med fødevare- og ressourceknaphed. I artiklen fokuserer vi på perioden fra 1890 til 1940, fordi den udgør en særlig periode i husholdningsuddannelsernes og -skolernes historie. Vi analyserer, hvad husholdningssagen betød for modernitetens indtog i de mindre byer og vurderer herunder også dens betydning i et klasse- og kønsperspektiv --- The Importance of Home Economics in a Small Town Perspective of Modernity. Women’s Education and Occupation in Home Economics Until the early 1900s, women in Denmark had only few educational opportunities. However, the societal changes that accompanied modernity also brought changes and education into the lives of women, who by then were predominantly working as homemakers. The movement of home economics emerged in the late 1800s as a multifaceted argument for making home economics an area of ​​knowledge and providing education for women, who did not until then have such opportunities, and provide better health for the population. From the early 1900s, several schools of home economics appeared all over the country, especially in rural areas and in areas of the smaller towns. The schools became very popular and ensured women an educational and an occupational pathway. Several  factors contributed to and influenced this development. Such factors included the nascent welfare state's ideas about education for all, changes of the labour market, the women's liberation movement and struggle for equality, and periods of scarcity of food and resources due to the wars of the time. Focusing on the period 1890 to 1940, we analyse how the home economics movement contributed to modernity in the smaller towns and consider its significance in a class and gender perspective

Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes

In a randomized, controlled trial that compared liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk who were receiving usual care, we found that liraglutide resulted in lower risks of the primary end point (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) and death. However, the long-term effects of liraglutide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown

A revised lithostratigraphy for the Palaeogene – lower Neogene of the Danish North Sea

Intense drilling activity following the discovery of the Siri Field in 1995 has resulted in an improved understanding of the siliciclastic Palaeogene succession in the Danish North Sea sector (Fig. 1). Many of the new wells were drilled in the search for oil reservoirs in sand bodies of Paleocene–Eocene age. The existing lithostratigraphy was based on data from a generation of wells that were drilled with deeper stratigraphic targets, with little or no interest in the overlying Palaeogene sediments, and thus did not adequately consider the significance of the Palaeogene sandstone units in the Danish sector. In order to improve the understanding of the distribution, morphology and age of the Palaeogene sediments, in particular the economically important sandstone bodies, a detailed study of this succession in the Danish North Sea has recently been undertaken. An important aim of the project was to update the lithostratigraphic framework on the basis of the new data. The project was carried out at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) with participants from the University of Aarhus, DONG E&P and Statoil Norway, and was supported by the Danish Energy Agency. Most scientific results cannot be released until September 2006, but a revised lithostratigraphic scheme may be published prior to that date. Formal definition of new units and revision of the lithostratigraphy are in preparation. All of the widespread Palaeogene mudstone units in the North Sea have previously been formally established in Norwegian or British wells, and no reference sections exist in the Danish sector. As the lithology of a stratigraphic unit may vary slightly from one area to another, Danish reference wells have been identified during the present project, and the lithological descriptions of the formations have been expanded to include the appearance of the units in the Danish sector. Many of the sandstone bodies recently discovered in the Danish sector have a limited spatial distribution and were sourced from other areas than their contemporaneous counterparts in the Norwegian and British sectors. These sandstone bodies are therefore defined as new lithostratigraphic units in the Danish sector, and are assigned Danish type and reference sections. There is a high degree of lithological similarity between the Palaeogene–Neogene mudstone succession from Danish offshore boreholes and that from onshore exposures and boreholes, and some of the mudstone units indeed seem identical. However, in order to acknowledge the traditional distinction between offshore and onshore stratigraphic nomenclature, the two sets of nomenclature are kept separate herein. In recent years oil companies operating in the North Sea have developed various in-house lithostratigraphic charts for the Paleocene–Eocene sand and mudstone successions in the Danish and Norwegian sectors. A number of informal lithostratigraphic units have been adopted and widely used. In the present project, these units have been formally defined and described, maintaining their original names whenever feasible, with the aim of providing an unequivocal nomenclature for the Palaeogene – lower Neogene succession in the Danish sector. It has not been the intention to establish a sequence stratigraphic model for this succession in the North Sea; the reader is referred to the comprehensive works of Michelsen (1993), Neal et al. (1994), Mudge & Bujak (1994, 1996a, b), Michelsen et al. (1995, 1998), Danielsen et al. (1997) and Rasmussen (2004)

The shellfish enigma across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in southern Scandinavia

The well-known and widespread replacement of oysters (abundant during the Mesolithic period) by cockles and mussels in many Danish Stone Age shell middens ca. 5900 cal yrs BP coincides with the transition to agriculture in southern Scandinavia. This human resource shift is commonly believed to reflect changing resource availability, driven by environmental and/or climatic change at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition rather than cultural choice. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the “Mesolithic-Neolithic oyster decline”, an explanation based on a sudden freshening of the inner Danish waters has received most attention. Here, for the first time, we test and refute this long-standing hypothesis that declining salinity explains the marked reduction in oysters identified within numerous shell middens across coastal Denmark at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition using quantitative and qualitative salinity inference from several, independent proxies (diatoms, molluscs and foraminifera) from multiple Danish fjord sites. Alternatively, we attribute the oyster decline to other environmental causes (particularly changing sedimentation), ultimately driven by external climatic forcing. Critical application of such high-quality environmental archives can reinvigorate archaeological debates and can aid in understanding and managing environmental change in increasingly impacted coastal regions

Letter to editor

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Longitudinal Association of Maternal Attempt to Lose Weight During the Postpartum Period and Child Obesity at Age 3 Years

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93678/1/oby.2011.25.pd