831 research outputs found
Isotropic covariance functions on graphs and their edges
We develop parametric classes of covariance functions on linear networks and
their extension to graphs with Euclidean edges, i.e., graphs with edges viewed
as line segments or more general sets with a coordinate system allowing us to
consider points on the graph which are vertices or points on an edge. Our
covariance functions are defined on the vertices and edge points of these
graphs and are isotropic in the sense that they depend only on the geodesic
distance or on a new metric called the resistance metric (which extends the
classical resistance metric developed in electrical network theory on the
vertices of a graph to the continuum of edge points). We discuss the advantages
of using the resistance metric in comparison with the geodesic metric as well
as the restrictions these metrics impose on the investigated covariance
functions. In particular, many of the commonly used isotropic covariance
functions in the spatial statistics literature (the power exponential,
Mat{\'e}rn, generalized Cauchy, and Dagum classes) are shown to be valid with
respect to the resistance metric for any graph with Euclidean edges, whilst
they are only valid with respect to the geodesic metric in more special cases.Comment: 6 figures, 1 tabl
Measuring degradation of transgenic DNA and screening for horizontal gene transfer from GMO-plant material during composting
The experiments show that composting of GM plant residues greatly increases the rate of degradation of transgenic DNA compared to the rate for plant residues left in the soil. If the persistence of transgenic DNA in the environments is considered as the only risk factor, composting is a 'DNA-safe' method to treat GM plant residues. However, even though transgenic plant DNA was not detected in bacterial isolates in our experiments, we cannot conclude that horizontal gene transfer can not take place. The 300 isolates tested proved to be too low a number to be conclusive. The numbers of isolates tested were based on the screenings indicating high transfer, but the screenings were biased apparently because some Bacillus species gave PCR products matching the transgenic DNA. Thus, it is still an open question if composting constitutes a safe way of disposing of GM plant residues. Furthermore, these experiments give rise to other interesting questions, e.g., the behavior of GM plant materials decomposing in waste piles or manure yards under composting-like conditions and the possibility of horizontal gene transfer to indigenous bacteria at the comparably lower temperatures presentat these environments.These questions need to be assessed if the risk associated with the use of GM plants is to be thoroughly investigated
Stochastic Analysis of Synchronization in a Supermarket Refrigeration System
Display cases in supermarket systems often exhibit synchronization, in which
the expansion valves in the display cases turn on and off at exactly the same
time. The study of the influence of switching noise on synchronization in
supermarket refrigeration systems is the subject matter of this work. For this
purpose, we model it as a hybrid system, for which synchronization corresponds
to a periodic trajectory. Subsequently, we investigate the influence of
switching noise. We develop a statistical method for computing an intensity
function, which measures how often the refrigeration system stays synchronized.
By analyzing the intensity, we conclude that the increase in measurement
uncertainty yields the decrease at the prevalence of synchronization.Comment: In Proceedings HAS 2014, arXiv:1501.0540
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