Heat resistant and tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites

The study focuses on E glass fiber laminate with vinyl ester resin. Two types of fiber glass are used namely chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR). The objective of this research is to determine the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and Modulus Young of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) prepared by vacuum bagging resin infusion process. The samples of GFRP were exposed to cooking gas fire for 5 minutes and 10 minutes for fire test. The tensile test was also conducted for the three samples and the microstructure was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after tensile testing. The result discovered that WR sample was better than CSM sample because CSM sample yield an average value of 0.236 W/mK for thermal conductivity and 521.6 J/KgK for specific heat capacity while WR sample give a value of 0.205 W/mK for thermal conductivity and 589.5 J/KgK for specific heat capacity. The Modulus Young of WR sample is higher (24.2 GPa) compared with CSM sample (16.1 GPa). From SEM micrograph, the failure occurred on the samples were matrix cracking and fibers separation. From the fire and tensile test conducted, the damage occurred on the samples were quite the same with the failure of the reinforcement and matrix. The findings could be used in the building construction as engineers always looking for the best material as they may have the possibilities of fire exposure and tension load as well as this is a part of the safety requirement for buildings

Potensi Biotransformasi Ampas Tahu Menjadi Perisa Almond dengan Konsorsium Kapang-Bakteri sebagai Metode Alternatif Produksi Perisa Alami

Produksi perisa alami melalui ekstraksi bahan alam dinilai kurang efektif untuk memenuhi permintaan perisa alami yang terus meningkat. Biotransformasi gula dan/atau asam amino menjadi benzaldehid, yang merupakan komponen utama perisa almond, dapat menjadi metode alternatif porduksi perisa alami. Namun, akumulasi benzaldehid pada kultur dapat membunuh mikroba dan mengahsilkan yield terbatas. Hal tersebut menyebabkan biotransformasi sulit diaplikasikan pada produksi skala besar. Review naratif ini membahas potensi penggunaan konsorsium R. oligosporus dan P. putida serta potensi penggunaan substrat ampas tahu sebagai strategi peningkatan produksi dan resistensi benzaldehid pada proses biotransformasi. Studi dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil studi menunjukan interaksi sinergis antara R. oligosporus dan P. putida dapat meningkatkan resistensi kultur terhadap benzaldehid. Biofilm P. putida meningkatkan resistensi aktifitas antimikroba benzaldehid pada kultur hingga 3 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan monokultur R. oligoposrus. Peningkatan resistensi memungkinkan kultur mengalami peningkatan produksi benzaldehid hingga 74% atau mencapai 2.25 g/L. Penggunaan resin kromatografi HP20 yang ditambahkan pada kultur diketahui dapat mencegah benzaldehid pada kultur dimetabolisme Kembali oleh kultur menjadi senyawa lain &nbsp

Monitoring healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use at regional level through repeated point prevalence surveys: what can be learnt?

Abstract BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) surveillance is an essential part of any infection prevention and control programme. Repeated point prevalence surveys (PPSs) according to European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) protocol have been implemented in all Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region (Italy) acute hospitals to reduce and control HAIs. AIM: Using the repeated PPSs within a regional-healthcare system (RHS) to promote and evaluate infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes. METHODS: The standard versions of the ECDC PPS protocols were used in all four surveys (2011, 2013, 2015, 2017). All RHS public and private accredited hospitals were involved within the 'safe care network' programme. FINDINGS: The numbers of surveyed patients in the four PPSs were 3172, 3253, 2969 and 3036, respectively. Prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial use (AU) decreased significantly from 2011: HAIs (P<0.05) 7.1%, 6.3%, 5.5%, 5.8% and AU (P<0.01) 40.4%, 39.2%, 36.0%, 37.2%, respectively. The appropriateness of duration of surgical prophylaxis increased significantly (<24\u202fh increased through surveys related to one in 2011: odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29, 0.92-1.81; 1.95, 1.31-2.91; 1.78, 1.20-2.64, respectively). The most frequently detected HAIs were: bloodstream, urinary tract, pneumonia and surgical site (more than the 70% of HAIs in each PPS). CONCLUSION: The FVG regional approach to HAIs and AU surveillance was able to contribute to reduce prevalence over a 7-year period. Furthermore, it was able to keep hospital attention on HAIs and AU through the years and to guarantee a standardized and comparable evaluation of HAIs and AU burden in all RHS hospitals, as well as impacting on HAIs and AU regional programmes