The Increasing Dine-out Trend: Investigation from Karachiites

This paper analyzes the increasing preference of people in regard to dining out more in the recent years as compared with eating at home. The trend of dining out is often not to fulf il hunger instead it is more often because of socializing and just for the sake of trying out new places. The present study further elaborates the impact and consequences of the increased dining out on the changing lifestyle of people. Particularly in Pakistan, the trend of dining out is increasing and is being taken as a leisure trip or a social gathering, which is very different than as it was perceived once when eating out was restricted to occasions and celebrations. This trend is multi-faceted as it is not restricted to a particular segment or class that is being affected by the change in dining out trends. The focus in this study has been on exploring how the trend is increasing amongst the youth as well as a family event, and more importantly, how it is signif icant despite the increase varies in different social classes. This paper also emphasizes on literature that includes the various strategies used by restaurateurs to encourage increasing dine out behaviour. For primary data collection, a questionnaire, containing both open-ended and close-ended questions, was floated and responses of consumers belonging to different areas of Karachi were recorded. The f indings of the study highlighted that male customers are more signif icant contributors to the dine out trend than that of the female customer

Induced hesitant 2-tuple linguistic aggregation operators with application in group decision making

In this article, hesitant 2-tuple linguistic arguments are used to evaluate the group decision making problems which have inter dependent or inter active attributes. Operational laws are developed for hesitant 2-tuple linguistic elements and based on these operational laws hesitant 2- tuple weighted averaging operator and generalized hesitant 2- tuple averaging operator are proposed. Combining Choquet integral with hesitant 2-tuple linguistic information, some new aggregation operators are defined, including the hesitant 2-tuple correlated averaging operator, the hesitant 2-tuple correlated geometric operator and the generalized hesitant 2-tuple correlated averaging operator. These proposed operators successfully manage the correlations among the elements. After investigating the properties of these operators, a multiple attribute decision making method based on these operators, is suggested. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the practicality and feasibility of proposed method

Toxic Effect of Lead Acetate on some Physiological Blood Parameters of Male white Rats (Rattas rattas)

     أجريت الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع للمعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب/ جامعة النهرين ، استُعمل 24 ذكراً من الجرذان البيض (Rattas rattas) لدراسة تأثير تراكيز مختلفة من خلات الرصاص lead acetate في بعض معايير الدم. وزّعت الحيوانات وبشكل عشوائي إلى أربع مجموعات، وكل مجموعة تضم (6) حيوانات. حقنت المجموعة الأولى (سيطرة) داخل الصفاق (intraperitoneal) بمحلول الملح (Normal saline) الفسلجي بجرعة 0.1 مل، وحقنت خلات الرصاص داخل الصفاق للمجموعة الثانية وبجرعة 1 ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم، وللمجموعة الثالثة بجرعة 2 ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم، والمجموعة الرابعة بجرعة 3 ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم. أعطيت الجرعة بين يوم وآخر لمدة (48) ساعة (24 جرعة). بيّنت نتائج الدراسة حصول انخفاضاً معنوياً (p˂0.05) في تركيز خضاب الدم Hemoglobin)) والعد الكلي لكريات الدم البيض (WBCs) والحمر (RBCs) ومعدل حجم الخلايا المرصوصة (PCV)، بينما لم تظهر الدراسة حصول أي فروقات معنوية (p>0.05) في معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمر. نستنتج من الدراسة الحالية انَّ التعرض لتراكيز مختلفة من خلات الرصاص ذو تأثير ضار في بعض معايير الدم الفسلجية ويتناسب طردياً مع زيادة تراكيز خلات الرصاص وفترة التعرض.assisting techniques of the Answer / University of Nahrain. Twenty-four (24) male animals were used from Rattas rattas to investigate  the effect of different concentrations of lead acetate on some blood parameters. The animals were randomly distributed into four groups, each containing 6 animals. First group (control) was injected intraperitoneal with a dose of 0.1 ml  of normal physiological saline (NaCl). Lead acetate was injected intraperitoneal of the second group with a dose 1 mg/kg body weight, and the third group with a dose 2 mg/kg body weight, and the fourth group with a dose 3 mg/kg body weight. The dose was given between one day another for 48 days (24 doses). The results of the study showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentrations of hemoglobin, the total number of white blood cells, the total number of red blood cells. While the study showed no difference (p<0.05) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In conclusion the present study showed the exposure to different concentrations of lead acetate has a detrimental effect on some physiological blood parameters, and directly proportional to the increase concentration of lead acetate and exposure period.&nbsp

Service quality towards customer loyalty in Malaysia's domestic low cost airline service

Delivering high quality service to the passengers is imperative so that airline companies can survive and strengthen their competitiveness. Even though there have been extensive research on service quality and customer loyalty in the past, little study has been conducted in this specific area. Hence, this paper aims to propose a conceptual framework on service quality and its relationship towards customer loyalty among Malaysia’s domestic low cost airline services passengers. Reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance and empathy are considered as critical dimensions of service quality that possibly provide empirical evidence in relation to customer loyalty. Subsequently, the consequences of the customer loyalty are further elaborated in this paper too. It is expected that the findings of this study can assist the organization to deliver high service quality to the customers and enhancing customers’ satisfaction in fulfilling their needs and wants. More importantly, improving service quality in such an organization may result in long-term increase in customer’s loyalty; this in turn leads to cost savings and improved profitability and market share

Vulnerability of Environmental Resources in Indus Basin after the Development of Irrigation System

The climatic and topographic characteristics of Indus Basin provided an excellent condition for the development of irrigation system. Archaeological remains of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro indicated that several canals were constructed in this region. The Indus River System (IRS) was developed into a complex network of canals, and 74% of its water was utilized for irrigation after Indus Water Treaty. After 1947, Indus irrigation network was extended, and cropland area was increased from 8.5 to 18.2 MH in Pakistan and 2.02 to 8.5 MH in India. Construction of dams, barrages, and canals to divert the maximum river water for irrigation resulted in drying up the natural pathways of the rivers, except during monsoon season. The aquifer in the irrigated areas became high and created problems of waterlogging and salinity, but due to extensive groundwater extraction, water table near urban centers is lowered now. Water quality was degraded due to addition of fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals, municipal sewage, and industrial effluents. Due to climate change, the glaciers in the upper catchment areas are continuously retreating and the frequency of floods and droughts is increasing. The objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of irrigation system developments in Indus Basin and its implications on environmental resources

Effect of phosphorus and potassium on the growth and yield of French bean

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the yield response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by phosphorus and potassium management. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Phosphorus fertilizer (4 levels) viz. P1=15Kg P ha-1, P2=20 Kg P ha-1 and P3=25 Kg P ha-1 , P4=35 Kg P ha-1 and factor B: Potassium fertilizer (4 levels) viz. K1=0 Kg K ha-1, K2=20 Kg K ha-1, K3=30 Kg K ha-1 and K4=40 Kg K ha-1. The variety BARI Jharsheem-3 was used in this experiment as the test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1  the highest number of pods plant-1 (4.96), pod length (13.34 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.54), weight of 1000-seed (431.21 g), seed yield (1.33 t ha-1), stover yield (1.53 t ha-1), biological yield (2.86 t ha-1) and harvest index 46.50%  were found. In case of potassium @ 40 kg ha-1, he highest number of pods plant-1 (5.80), pod length (14.89 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.24), weight of 1000-seed (430.37 g), seed yield (1.53 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.46 t ha-1 ), biological yield (2.99 t ha-1) and harvest index 51.17% were found. Interaction effect of phosphorus and potassium the highest  number of pods plant-1 (5.18), pod length (13.40 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.30), weight of 1000-seed (430.53 g), seed yield (1.40 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.60 t ha-1 ), biological yield (3.00 t ha-1 ) and harvest index 46.66% were recorded from P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1. However, from the study it can be concluded that application of P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1 was the most suitable combination for better yield of French bean

Association between Raised Serum C-Reactive Protein and Arteriovenous Fistula Failure

Objectives: To study the association between serum Creactive protein (CRP) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure rate. Patients and Methods: This case control study Department of Vascular Surgery Combined Military Hospital Lahore and Peshawar between January 2015 and March 2016. Total 126 consecutive patients who had serum CRP checked preoperatively and underwent AVF procedure were included. Patients were divided into Case (with raised CRP) and Control (Normal CRP) groups. Data regarding serum CRP level were recorded and analysed to evaluate the impact of preoperative CRP levels on AVF failure rates. Results: The AVF failure rate was significantly high (53.2%) in case group as compared to control group (14.5%). Age, gender, diabetes and hypertension did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Raised level of CRP is related to significantly higher AVF maturation failure rate. Therefore, it is recommended to check CRP levels preoperatively to identify those patients who can be at higher risk of fistula failure.&nbsp