Microbial community dynamics and their relationships with organic and metal pollutants of sugarcane molasses-based distillery wastewater sludge

Distillery sludge is a major source of aquatic pollution, but little is known about their microbial community and their association with the organic and metal pollutants. Sugarcane molasses-based distillery is an important industry in India, although the waste is usually treated prior to disposal, the treatment is often inadequate. The adverse effects of the organic and metal pollutants in sugarcane molasses-based distillery sludge on the microbial biodiversity and abundance in the disposal site have not been elucidated. This study aims to address this gap of knowledge. Samples were collected from the discharge point, 1 and 2 km downstream (D1, D2, and D3, respectively) of a sugarcane distillery in Uttar Pradesh, India, and their physico-chemical properties characterised. Using QIIME, taxonomic assignment for the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA was performed. The phyla Proteobacteria (28-39%), Firmicutes (20-28%), Bacteriodetes (9-10%), Actinobacteria (5-10%), Tenericutes (1-9%) and Patescibacteria (2%) were the predominant bacteria in all three sites. Euryechaeota, were detected in sites D1 and D2 (1-2%) but absent in D3. Spirochaetes (5%), Sinergistetes (2%) and Cloacimonetes (1%) were only detected in samples from site D1. Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and Observed-species indices indicated that site D1 (10.18, 0.0013, 36706.55 and 45653.84, respectively) has higher bacterial diversity and richness than D2 (6.66, 0.0001, 25987.71 and 49655.89, respectively) and D3 (8.31, 0.002, 30345.53 and 30654.88, respectively), suggesting the organic and metal pollutants provided the stressors to favour the survival of microbial community that can biodegrade and detoxify them in the distillery sludge. This study confirmed that the treatment of the distillery waste was not sufficiently effective and provided new metagenomic information on its impact on the surrounding microbial community. It also offered new insights into potential bioremediation candidates

Some diophantine quadruples in the ring Z[√-2]

A complex diophantine quadruple with the property D,$(z)$, where $z in$ Z$[sqrt {-2}]$, is a subset of Z$[sqrt {-2}]$ of four elements such that the product of its any two distinct elements increased by $z$ is a perfect square in Z$[sqrt{-2}]$. In the present paper we prove that if $b$ is an odd integer, then there does not exist a diophantine quadruple with the property D$(a + bsqrt{-2})$. For $z=a+bsqrt{-2}$, where $b$ is even, we prove that there exist at least two distinct complex diophantine quadruples if $a$ and $b$ satisfy some congruence conditions

The Impact of an Educational Program based on the Components of Emotional Intelligence according to the Golman Model in the Development of Ethical Behavior in Islamic Education

This study aimed at identifying the effect of an Islamic Educational Programme based on Emotional Intelligence on developing Ethical Behaviors of tenth grade female students in the Sultanate of Oman. The study adopted a semi-experimental model using a sample of 137 students from Muscat and Southern Batinah schools. To achieve the study aims, an Educational Program based on Emotional Intelligence and Ethical Behaviors Scale (Self-control, Honesty, Respecting others, Respecting rules) was used. The validity of the scale was measured using trustee validity and discriminate validity. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of the scale; it was 0.90 which indicates fairly high reliability. The results showed statically significant differences in regards of Self-control, Honesty, Respecting others and Respecting Rules in favor of the experimental group. In the light of the above findings, the study recommended the importance of integrating Emotional Intelligence skills into the curriculum to prevent ethical problems of teenage students. It also suggested the activation of educational strategies and classroom activities in training the students to develop their ethical behaviors

The effect of Cd substitution in PbS thin film on the optical properties

Abstract:Thin films of Cd‌x‌Pb‌1-x S were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis with ( x=0.6 , 0.7 , 0.8 , 0.9 , 1 ) .The optical properties of prepared thin films were studied by UV-VIS spectrophotomer . From the measurement of absorption and transmission , the optical parameters and the optical energy gap (Eg) were calculated .The optical energy gap (Eg) was increased with increasing the value of Cd from 1.2 eV when x=0.6 to 2.4 eV when x=1 . The maximum value of refractive index (n) is equal to 2.5 and the maximum value of extinction coefficient is varied between 0.2 to 0.45 depending on the value of x . The film with x=0.7 was doped by Ag in the ratio 1% ,3% and 5% . The film after dopping have a direct energy gap also and the value of Eg were increased with increasing (Ag) ratio , these values increased from 1.2 eV for absent Ag to 1.74 eV for 5% Ag

CFD Investigation on the Steady Interaction between an Offset Jet and an Oblique Wall Jet

In this paper a CFD investigation on the interaction between an offset jet and an oblique wall jet using two-dimensional steady RANS equations is performed. This combination is denoted WOJ (Wall Offset jets). Several turbulence models such as the standard k-ω, SST k-ω, standard k-ε, RNG k-ε and realizable k-ε models are tested in the present study. A parametric study is performed to highlight the wall inclination effect on the WOJ flow maximum velocity decay as well as the shear layers spreading. Comparison between combined wall and offset jet (WOJ) and single offset jet (SOJ) flows is also established. Results show that increasing the wall inclination improves the combined wall and offset jets flow spreading. Furthermore, the outer shear layers spreading, is better than the inner shear layers one. Comparing to the combined wall and offset jet flow (WOJ), a better spreading is found in the case of single offset jet flow (SOJ)

Correlation of Total Cholesterol and Glucose in Serum of Iraqi Patients with Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Cholesterol is a fatty substance (lipid) classified as a waxy steroid of fat. It is absorbed by the intestine into blood stream and is packaged inside a protein coat a chylomicron. Blood glucose is a simple monosaccharide absorbed directly into the blood stream during digestion. The level of blood glucose normally represents a balance between the inflow of glucose into blood and it is uptake by the tissue. Atherosclerosis is a general term for a number of different medical conditions that affect the heart, this is occurs when the blood supply to a part of heart is interrupted, must commonly due to plaque, is build up in the coronary arteries consist of lipid cholesterol and calcium. It causes a damage of potential disease of heart muscle due to thickening and hardening of arteries. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the level of blood glucose is persistently elevated above the normal range due to decrease secretion of insulin. The main objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of total cholesterol and glucose into blood serum of Iraq patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2. This study included 60 specimens of patients with atherosclerosis and 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; their age range was 45-65 years. These patients were then matched by age and sex to 30 healthy individuals. Results revealed that there was highly significantly increased in the mean value of total cholesterol and glucose concentrations in patients of atherosclerosis (p<0.001) and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) as compared with healthy individuals

N-heterocyclic carbenes reduce and functionalize copper oxide surfaces in one pot

The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) are thanked for financial support of this work in terms of operating and equipment grants to CMC and JHH. AJV and MRN thank the Ontario government for OGS fellowships. AJV thanks NSERC for a Vanier Scholarship and also the Walter C. Sumner foundation for additional scholarship support.Benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate salts have been shown to act as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors which can remove oxide from copper oxide surfaces and functionalize the resulting metallic surfaces in a single step. Both the surfaces and the etching products are fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Analysis of surfaces before and after NHC treatment by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the complete removal of copper(II) oxide. Using 13C-labelling, we determine that the products of this transformation include a cyclic urea, a ring-opened formamide and a bis-carbene copper(I) complex. These results illustrate the potential of NHCs to functionalize a much broader class of metals, including those prone to oxide treatment, greatly facilitating the preparation of NHC-based films on metals other than gold.PostprintPeer reviewe