EffEcts of food PrEsErvativE NatamyciN oN LivEr ENzymEs aNd totaL ProtEiN iN Mus Musculus

abstract RasGele, P. G. and F. KaymaK, 2013. effects of food preservative natamycin on liver enzymes and total protein in mus musculus. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Natamycin is a food preservative of which is used to inhibit yeast and fungi growth on cheese and sausages. In the present study, effects of natamycin on the levels of liver enzymes and total protein were investigated in mice by using serum enzyme activity assay. Natamycin was intraperitoneally injected to female and male mice at 200, 400and 800 mg/kg for 6, 12 and 24 hours. Blood samples were taken for determination of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and all of samples were performed by using a spectrophometer. The present results revealed a significant increase in the levels of ALT of female and male mice treated with different concentrations of natamycin when compared with the negative control. Furthermore, natamycin induced a significant decrease in serum LDH and alP in female and male mice, respectively. In conclusion, natamycin may affect adversely and cause degenerative disorders in liver, and so it may alter levels of enzymes in liver being a vital organ

Düzce İlinde Arıcılığın Yapısı ve Arıcılık Faaliyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Düzce ili zengin florası ve eşsiz arı ekotipi nedeniyle büyük bir arıcılık potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışma Düzce ilinde arıcılığın genel yapısını ve arıcılık faaliyetlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 412 arıcıya ulaşılmıştır. Yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler ve anket çalışması ile mevcut durum ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ankete katılan arıcıların yaş ortalamasının 50 olduğu, % 73,10’unun ilköğretim, % 14,10’unun lise mezunu, % 20,90’ının ana gelir kaynağı olarak arıcılık yaptığı; % 59,20’sinin Arı Yetiştiricileri Birliği’ne, % 24,50’sinin Bal Üreticileri Birliği’ne üye olduğu; % 61,50’sinin yerel bölge arısını, % 34,70’inin de Kafkas arı ırkını kullandıkları; % 46,80’inin gezginci arıcılık yaptığı, tercih edilen bitki çeşitliliğinin sırasıyla ayçiçeği (% 62,96) kestane (% 54,32) kır çiçekleri (% 22,22), kanola (% 11,73) ve ormangülü (% 11,73) olduğu, kovan başına verimin 2010 ve 2011 yıllarına göre sırasıyla 9 ve 8 kg arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. En fazla süzme bal üretimi yapılmakta bunu polen ve propolis takip etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Düzce arıcılığının genel yapısı ve arıcılık problemleri tespit edilmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur

Investigation of Genotoxic Effects of Imazamox Herbicide on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Using Micronucleus Assay

Imazamox is an imidazolinone herbicide; it is an acetalactacetase (ALS) / acetylhydroxyacid (AHAC) inhibitor and is widely used for weed control. In this study, the genotoxic effect of the commercial formulation of imazamox was investigated in zebrafish peripheral blood cells in vivo using the micronucleus (MN) method. Fishes were treated at three different concentrations of imazamox (3, 6, 12 mg L-1) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. At the highest concentration (12 mg L-1), it was observed that all fish died in all treatment periods. According to 24, 48 and 96 h treatment results; compared to the negative control, it was determined that the MN frequency increased as the concentration increased. These results show us that imazamox herbicide may have genotoxic potential for aquatic organisms. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the mechanisms that are effective in the genotoxicity of imazamox

The use of Allium cepa L. assay as bioindicator for the investigation of genotoxic effects of industrial waste water

In this study, genotoxic potential of industrial waste water (IWW) samples was investigated using Allium cepa assay. The root tips were treated with different IWW samples (A, B and C) for 48 hours. The effects of IWW on cytological effects were determined. It was found that all IWW samples significantly increased the percentage of total abnormality. Mitotic chromosomal abnormalities such as irregular metaphase, stickiness, c-mitosis, micronucleus, vagrant chromosomes and bridges were determined. Furthermore, a significant reduction for the mitotic index that is indicative of cellular toxicity was observed in root tips cells, which were treated with IWW samples. A. cepa assay can be used as useful tool for the detection of genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of IWWs

Właściwości fizykochemiczne miodu rododendronowego produkowanego w Turcji

Rhododendron honey is a monofloral honey and it is collected from the flowers of Rhododendron species widely spreading over many countries, mainly in America, Turkey, Indonesia, Australia. It is belived that Rhododendron honey treats several disorders and is used traditionally as an alternative medicine. The determination of the chemical characteristics of the Rhododendron honey is essential for public health. In this research, the physicochemical characteristics of Rhododendron, chestnut and flower honey samples collected from beekeepers in Turkey were determined and compared. Physico-chemical parameters such as moisture, acidity, sucrose, invert sugar, fructose/glucose, conductivity, diastase and hydroxymethylfurfural were analysed in each honey sample. According to the results obtained, no differences were found in physico-chemical properties of Rhododendron, honey samples, except from moisture and acidity compared with those of chestnut and flower honeys. In order to differentiate Rhododendron honeys, new methods should be developed. This honey should be reintroduced to medicine and used in pharmaceutical industry.Miód rododendronowy jest miodem jednokwiatowym zbieranym z kwiatów roślin z rodzaju Rhododendron. Jest rozpowszechniony w wielu krajach Ameryki, a także w Turcji, Indonezji i Australii. Uważa się, że miód rododendronowy leczy niektóre zaburzenia i jest używany w medycynie alternatywnej, zatem określenie składu chemicznego miodu rododendronowego jest ważne dla zdrowia społeczeństwa. W pracy określono i porównano cechy fizykochemiczne próbek miodu rododendronowego, kasztanowego i kwiatowego otrzymanego z pasiek w Turcji. W każdej próbce oznaczano cechy fizykochemiczne takie jak wilgotność, kwasowość, poziom sacharozy i cukru inwertowanego, stosunek fruktozy/glukozy, przewodność elektryczna, diastaza i hydroksymetylofurfural. Zgodnie z otrzymanymi wynikami, nie znaleziono różnic w cechach fizykochemicznych próbek miodu z rododendronu, za wyjątkiem wilgotności i kwasowości w porównaniu z miodem z kasztanowca i kwiatowym. W celu wychwycenia cech charakteryzujących tylko miód rododendronowy potrzeba zastosowania nowych metod. Miód ten powinien zostać ponownie wprowadzony do użycia w medycynie i przemyśle farmaceutycznym

Toxic effect of Delvocid on Mus musculus

DoktoraBu çalışmada koruyucu gıda katkı maddesi olan Delvosid'in fare kemik iliği hücrelerinde kromozom aberasyonları (KA), mikronukleus (MN); sperm hücrelerinde sperm aberasyon test yöntemleri kullanılarak toksik etkileri araştırıldı. Bunlara ilave olarak, bazı karaciğer enzimlerinin ve total proteinin kandaki değerleri, total testosteron seviyesi araştırılarak toksik aktiviteleri değerlendirildi. KA, sperm aberasyon yöntemi, karaciğer enzimleri, total protein ve total testosteron düzeylerini tayin etmek için, erkek ve dişi fareler Delvosid'in farklı konsantrasyonları ile (200, 400 ve 800 mg/kg) 6, 12 ve 24 saat, MN yöntemi için ise 24, 48 ve 72 saat süre ile muamele edildi. Delvosid, kullanılan konsantrasyonlarda KA frekansını arttırmazken, MN frekansını ve anormal sperm sayısını arttırdı. MI, PCE/NCE oranını ve total testosteron seviyesini ise anlamlı olarak azalttı. Karaciğer enzimleri üzerinde çok önemli değişikliklere neden olmadı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Delvosid, fare kemik iliği hücrelerinde; KA frekansını arttırmadığı için klastojenik değildir, ancak MN oluşumunu indüklediği için aneujeniktir. Sperm hücrelerinde morfolojik değişikliklere neden olduğu ve testosteron düzeyini azalttığı için ise germ hücresi mutajeni olarak kabul edilebilir.In this study, the toxic effects of Delvocid, food additive, were investigated in mice bone marrow cells using chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN) and sperm head abnormalities. In addition some liver enzymes, total protein and total testosterone were tested in periferal blood. Male and female mice were treated with different concentrations of Delvocid (200, 400 ve 800 mg/kg) for 6, 12 and 24 hours in CA and sperm head abnormality tests, liver enzymes, total protein and total testosterone; for 24, 48 and 72 hours in MN test. Delvocid did not increase CA frequency at any of concentrations, increased significantly MN and anormal sperm frequencies. It reduced mitotic index (MI), PCE/NCE ratio and total testosterone values significantly. It did not cause significant changes on liver enzymes. It was concluded that as Delvocid did not induce CA frequency, it is not clastogenic but it is aneugenic due to induction MN formation and may be regarded as a potential germ cell mutagen due to induction sperm head abnormalities and reduction testosterone values

Abnormal sperm morphology in mouse germ cells after short-term exposures to acetamiprid, propineb, and their mixture

WOS: 000333849700005PubMed: 24535295Pesticides are one of the most potent environmental contaminants, which accumulate in biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Acetamiprid (Acm), a neonicotinoid insecticide, and Propineb (Pro), a dithiocarbamate fungicide, are widely used to control sucking insects and fungal infections on crops, respectively. The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxic effects of these compounds, individually and in mixtures, in mouse germ cells by using the sperm morphology assay. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.625, 1.25, and 2.50 mu g mL(-1) of Acm, 12.5, 25, and 50 mu g mL(-1) of Pro, and their mixture at the same concentrations over 24 and 48 h. Acm did not significantly increase the percentage of abnormal sperm at any concentration. The frequency of abnormal sperm significantly increased after 24 and 48 h of exposure to 50 mu g mL(-1) of Pro. The mixtures of 2.50 mu g mL(-1) of Acm and 50 mu g mL(-1) of Pro induced sperm abnormalities antagonistically both after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Results suggest that Acm was non-genotoxic for mouse germ cells, while Pro may have been a germ cell mutagen due to the observed increase in the frequency of sperm abnormalities. However, to gain better insight into the mutagenicity and DNA damaging potential of both of these pesticides, further studies at molecular level should be done.Duzce University Scientific Research Fund, TurkeyDuzce University [2011.05.01.070]This study was a part of a project entitled "Micronucleus induction in mice bone marrow and human lymphocytes after exposure to mixture of pesticides acetamiprid-propineb" and supported by the Duzce University Scientific Research Fund [Project Number = 2011.05.01.070], Turkey. The author thanks Meral Kekecoglu for support and Zekiye Kiris and Salih Tunc Kaya for laboratory assistance

Physico-chemical properties of Rhododendron honey produced in Turkey

S u m m a r y Rhododendron honey is a monofloral honey and it is collected from the flowers of Rhododendron species widely spreading over many countries, mainly in America, Turkey, Indonesia, Australia. It is belived that Rhododendron honey treats several disorders and is used traditionally as an alternative medicine. The determination of the chemical characteristics of the Rhododendron honey is essential for public health. In this research, the physicochemical characteristics of Rhododendron, chestnut and flower honey samples collected from beekeepers in Turkey were determined and compared. Physico-chemical parameters such as moisture, acidity, sucrose, invert sugar, fructose/glucose, conductivity, diastase and hydroxymethylfurfural were analysed in each honey sample. According to the results obtained, no differences were found in physico-chemical properties of Rhododendron, honey samples, except from moisture and acidity compared with those of chestnut and flower honeys. In order to differentiate Rhododendron honeys, new methods should be developed. This honey should be reintroduced to medicine and used in pharmaceutical industry

Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Natamycin in Mice Bone Marrow Cells

WOS: 000328301100030Natamycin, food preservative, is widely used in food industry against yeast and fungi. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of natamycin (Delvocid, containing 50% natamycin as the active ingredient) in mice bone marrow cells Was investigated in vivo by chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronucleus assays (MA). Animals were intraperitoneally treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of natamycin for 6, 12 and 24 h in CA assay, for 24, 48 and 72 hours in MN assay. In the present study, natamycin did not increase chromosome aberrations. It significantly induced frequency of micronucleus at all concentrations for both 24 and 48 h in female mice, at the two highest (400 and 800 mg/kg) concentrations for both 24 and 48 h in male mice when compared with negative control. Mice bone marrow erythrocytes exposed to all concentrations of natamycin showed significant. decreases in mitotic index for all treatment periods. In addition, natamycin reduced polychromatic erytrocyte/normochromatic erytrocyte ratio at all concentrations for 48h and at the highest (800 mg/kg) concentration for 24 and 72h in female mice; at all concentrations for 24 and 48h in male mice. The results of the present study show that a commercial formulation of natamycin was aneugenic and cytotoxic to mice bone marrow in vivo. For this reason it is necessary to be careful when using these chemicals in food as preservatives.Trakya University Scientific Research FundTrakya University [TUBAP-751]This study was supported by Trakya University Scientific Research Fund with the project number TUBAP-751 and it is part of doctoral thesis titled "Toxic effects of Delvocid on Mus musculus"