Factors Affecting Sanitary Condition of Ships Harboring in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSCs) are of particular importance for the prevention and control of public health risks on board ships on international voyages. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting sanitary condition of ships harboring in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Subject and Method: This was an cross sectional study conducted in ship harboring, Kupang. A samples of 96 ship harboring sailors were selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was ship sanitary condition. The independent variables were sailor knowledge and attitude, and ship facility. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a logstic regression. Results: Ship sanitary condition was positively associated with sailors good knowledge (OR=3.54; CI 95%=1.50 to 8.33; p=0.004), favorable attitude (OR =2.26; CI 95%=1.63 to 5.14; p<0.001), and ship facility (OR =5.67; CI 95%=2.32 to 13.83; p<0.001). Conclusion: Ship sanitary condition is positively associated with sailors good knowledge, favorable attitude, and ship facility. Keywords: sanitation, knowledge, attitude, facility, sailor

Individual, Social, and Environmental Risk Factors of Malaria in Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Malaria is one of the world\u27s biggest killers. Studies into indi¬vi-dual, social, and environmental risk factors of malaria in East Nusa Teng¬gara, In¬do¬nesia, are absent. This study aimed to investigate the individual, social, and environ¬mental risk factors of malaria in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Pus-kes¬mas Feapopi, Rote Ndao district, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from De-cem¬¬ber 2015 to February 2016. A total sample of 310 subjects was selected for this study by multi stage random sampling. The dependent variable was malaria. The indepen¬dent variables were mosquito repellent use, hanging out of the house in the evening, distance to a breeding place, type of house wall, distance to a stable, and health education on malaria. The data were collected by ques¬tion¬naire, interview, and observation. Malaria was diagnosed microscopically. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of malaria increased with absence of mosquito repellent use (OR= 4.61; 95% CI= 1.75 to 12.16; p= 0.002), hanging out of the house in the evening (OR= 5.67; 95% CI= 2.32 to 13.82; p<0.001), close to a breeding place (OR= 3.54; 95% CI= 1.50 to 8.33; p= 0.004), semi-permanent house wall (OR= 8.13; 95% CI= 2.99 to 22.07; p<0.001), far from a stable (OR= 0.08; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.23; p<0.001), and health education on malaria (OR= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.14; p<0.001). Conclusion: The risk of malaria increases with absence of mosquito repellent use, hanging out of the house in the evening, close to a breeding place, semi-per¬ma¬¬¬nent house wall, far from a stable, and health education on malaria. Keywords: individual, social, environment, risk factor, malaria

Hygiene Sanitation and Detection Of Rhodamin B in Sauce and Formalin in Meatball at Meatball Tavern, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Food safety and sanitation is an essential part of the food industry. While it is important to be able to deliver food quickly and profitably, the importance of food safety and sanitation cannot be underestimated. Fast food retailers such as meatball tavern are common in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Therefore it is worth studying the food safety and sanitation among the existing fast food retailers. This study aimed to examine hygiene sanitation and detection of rhodamin B in sauce and formalin in meatball at meatball tavern, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at meatball taverns, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. A total of 16 meatball taverns were selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variables were hygiene sanitation, rhodamin B content in sauce, and formalin content in meatball. The independent variables were selection of foodstuff, food storage, processing place, equipment, food handlers, food transport, and food provision. The data were collected by observation and laboratory examination. The data were described accordingly. Results: Hygiene and sanitation in food selection and food storage were good (70-100%). Hygiene and sanitation in food handling and processing were fair (50-78%). Hygiene and sanitation of processing places were variable from poor to moderate (36-72%). Hygiene and sanitation of equipment were good (70-100%). Food stewardship was very good (87-100%). Rhodamin B content was absent in sauce. Formalin content was absent in meatball. Conclusion: Hygiene and sanitation levels in various aspect of food preparation and handling at meatball taverns were variable ranging from poor to very good level. Keywords: hygiene, sanitation, meatball, tavern, formalin, rhodamin B

Factors Associated with Diarrhea in Noebeba, Middle South Timor, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Acute diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality particularly among young children in resource-limited countries. Large studies are also currently underway evaluating novel and potential easy-to-implement water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) preventive strategies. This study aimed to examine factors associated with diarrhea in Noebeba, South Timor Tengah. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Noebeba, Middle South Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. A sample of 355 mothers was selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables were household water container ownership, latrine ownership, maternal knowledge, handwashing practice, trash bin, and food sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Household water container ownership (OR= 0.21; p= 0.003), latrine ownership (OR= 0.32; p< 0.001), good maternal knowledge (OR= 0.62; p<0.001), and handwashing practice (OR= 0.41; p< 0.001) were associated with a decreased incidence of diarrhea. Trash bin and food sanitation did not show statistical significance with incidence of diarrhea. Conclusion: Household water container ownership, latrine ownership, good maternal knowledge, and handwashing practice, are associated with a decreased incidence of diarrhea. Keywords: diarrhea, hygiene, sanitation, risk factor

Effects of Workload and Job Satisfaction on Work Performance among Health Workers at Siloam Hospital, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Work performance is a hugely important process to the entire company's success, as it affects a company's performance. Work performance is the assessment of whether an employee has done their job well. It is an individual evaluation, measured based on a single person’s effort. This study aimed to determine the effects of workload and job satisfaction on work performance among health workers at Siloam Hospital, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Siloam Hospital, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 97 health workers were selected for this study. The dependent variable was work performance. The independent variables were job satisfaction and workload. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Work performance increased with job satisfaction (OR= 4.25; p= 0.024) but decreased with workload (OR= 0.37; p= 0.035). Conclusion: Work performance increases with job satisfaction but decreases with workload. Keywords: work performance, job satisfaction, workload

MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AT SAMUEL J. MOEDA NAVAL HOSPITAL KUPANG, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Background: Hospital is a public health service agency that produces daily medical waste, especially solid waste that must be handled properly. Although the Indonesian Naval Hospital Samuel J. Moeda has implemented waste management and disposal, management is still ineffective in light of the lack of managerial resources, basic management processes, and incinerator unavailability as a final waste management tool. This study aimed to analyze the management of medical waste starting from input, process, and output, at Samuel J. Moeda Naval Hospital, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Subjects and Method: This study was descriptive with qualitative approach. It was conducted at Samuel J. Moeda Naval Hospital, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. A sample of 14 informants were selected for this study. The data were collected by in-depth interview, direct obesrvation, and document review. Checklist sheets were used to assist direct observation. Results: Waste management was not well-performed with limited facilities and infrastructure, unspecified and inadequate budgeting. The process of solid medical waste management was not optimally performed, and there were some errors found during the process. Similarly, the output of solid medical waste management did not meet the standards set by the Minister of Health Regulation No. 1204/ 2004. It appears that waste management issues received little attention from the hospital management. Conclusion: Medical waste management at Samuel J. Moeda, Naval Hospital, Kupang has not been well-performed. The hospital can pay attention to the potential of medical waste recycle for extended hospital purposes. Recruitment, education, and training, of medical waste management staff are urgently needed. Routine waste management evaluation is also needed to help create a healthy hospital environment. Keywords: solid medical waste, management, hospita

Analisis Sistem Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Bahaya Kebakaran di Gedung Rektorat Universitas Nusa Cendana

To build a building, it is very important to pay attention to occupational health and safety (K3) for its residents. At the Nusa Cendana University Rectorate Building, the availability of a fire prevention and control system is very important. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of the fire prevention and control system in the Rectorate Building, University of Nusa Cendana. The fire hazard prevention systems analyzed are Fire Alarm, Fire Detector, Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR), Automatic Sprinklers, Fire Hydrants, Upright Pipe Systems, Water Supply Systems, Fire Pumps. The fire hazard management systems analyzed are the Fire Management Organization, Fire Emergency Action Procedures, and Fire Emergency Action Education and Training. The regulations that are used as a comparison with conditions in the field are the Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 26 / PRT / M / 2008, Number 20 / PRT / M / 2009, and NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 10, 13, 14, 72, 101, 251. Based on the results of the analysis of the fire prevention and control system at the Rectorate Building of the University of Nusa Cendana, it is known that there are systems that are by accordance with the applicable regulations and there are also systems that are not by accordance with the applicable regulations. For this reason, the management of the Rectorate Building at the University of Nusa Cendana is advised to improve the existing fire prevention and control system so that it is by accordance with applicable regulation