Espessura do m?sculo adutor do polegar como instrumento de rastreio do risco de desnutri??o e de desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizados

Submitted by PPG Gerontologia Biom?dica ([email protected]) on 2018-02-26T12:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KIK_RAQUEL_MILANI_ EL_TESE.pdf: 2561273 bytes, checksum: 00cae5ff653147fac3f019240bc91347 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier ([email protected]) on 2018-02-26T16:58:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KIK_RAQUEL_MILANI_ EL_TESE.pdf: 2561273 bytes, checksum: 00cae5ff653147fac3f019240bc91347 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T17:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KIK_RAQUEL_MILANI_ EL_TESE.pdf: 2561273 bytes, checksum: 00cae5ff653147fac3f019240bc91347 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-30The frequency of malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients is high and, consequently, generates an increase in morbimortality. In order to identify malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients, it is necessary to make a nutritional assessment. Some limitations related to the application of traditional nutritional assessment tools used in elderly patients can be seen, like anthropometric parameters and even the Mini Nutritional Assessment? (MNA?) when such patients present physical or mental limitations, what can be an even more serious problem when they are unaccompanied. Thus, in the search for nutritional assessment tools, which do not depend on the patient?s colaboration, are easy to find and inexpensive, the measurement of adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) has been studied as an anthropometric parameter. Several studies have used APMT in elderly patients in different surgical and clinical conditions. Despite that, few studies have included only elderly patients and none has analyzed the association between APMT and MNA? and checked the accuracy of APMT in relation to the nutritional risk and malnutrition, considering MNA? as a gold standard. In this context, this thesis presents three original articles with cross-sectional design. In the first article entitled ADDUCTOR POLLICIS MUSCLE THICKNESS IN HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY PATIENTS: RELATION BETWEEN GENDER AND AGE, it was attempted to relate the adductor pollicis muscle thickness of hospitalized elderly patients to gender and age. In this study, 119 hospitalized elderly patients were assessed and no significant difference of the APMT measurement between the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed and it was also observed that such measurement was bigger in the younger individuals (60 and 79 years old) and the male individuals. In the second article entitled ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADDUCTOR POLLICIS MUSCLE THICKNESS AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS IN HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY PATIENTS, the association between APMT and nutritional parameters in hospitalized elderly patients was analyzed. In this study, 331 hospitalized elderly patients were assessed and the association between APMT and all the nutritional parameters was investigated (MNA?, calf circumference, arm circumference, body mass index and handgrip strength) regardless of gender and age was observed, what reinforces its applicability in the nutritional assessment of elderly patients. In the third article entitled ADDUCTOR POLLICIS MUSCLE THICKNESS ACCURACY IN THE SCREENING OF NUTRITIONAL RISK AND MALNUTRITION IN HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY PATIENTS. This study, that evaluated 291 elderly people, was attempted to determine the cut-off points of APMT and its accuracy as a tool to screen the nutritional risk and malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients. It was observed that APMT did not reach satisfactory levels of accuracy for nutritional risk and malnutrition for both men and women. Longitudinal studies are suggested in order to advance in the investigation of the role of APMT in the screening of nutritional risk and malnutrition.A frequ?ncia de desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizados ? alta e tem como consequ?ncia o aumento da morbimortalidade. Para identificar a desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizados ? necess?rio realizar uma avalia??o nutricional. Podem ser verificadas algumas limita??es na aplica??o de instrumentos de avalia??o nutricional tradicionalmente utilizados em idosos, como os par?metros antropom?tricos e at? mesmo a Mini Avalia??o Nutricional? (MNA?), quando h? presen?a de limita??es f?sicas e mentais no idoso, o que ainda se agrava quando o idoso n?o possui acompanhante. Assim, na busca por instrumentos de rastreio nutricional que n?o dependam da colabora??o do paciente, que sejam de r?pida obten??o e de baixo custo, a medida da Espessura do M?sculo Adutor do Polegar (EMAP) tem sido estudada como um par?metro antropom?trico. Diversos estudos t?m utilizado a EMAP com idosos em diferentes condi??es cl?nicas cir?rgicas. Apesar disso, poucos estudos inclu?ram apenas indiv?duos idosos e nenhum analisou a associa??o entre EMAP e MNA? e verificou a acur?cia da EMAP em rela??o ao risco de desnutri??o e desnutri??o, tendo a MNA? como padr?o-ouro. Nesse contexto, esta tese apresenta tr?s artigos originais com delineamento transversal. No primeiro artigo, intitulado ?Espessura do m?sculo adutor do polegar em idosos hospitalizados: rela??o com sexo e idade?, buscou-se relacionar a espessura do m?sculo adutor do polegar de idosos hospitalizados com sexo e idade. Nesse estudo foram avaliados 119 idosos hospitalizados, e n?o foi observada diferen?a significativa da medida da EMAP entre as m?os dominante e n?o dominante. Essa medida apresentou-se maior nos indiv?duos mais jovens (60-79 anos) e nos do sexo masculino. No segundo artigo, intitulado ?Associa??o entre espessura do m?sculo adutor do polegar e par?metros nutricionais em idosos hospitalizados?, foi analisada a associa??o entre EMAP e par?metros nutricionais em idosos hospitalizados. Nesse estudo, foram avaliados 331 idosos hospitalizados, e constatou-se a associa??o da EMAP com todos os par?metros nutricionais investigados (MNA?, circunfer?ncia da panturrilha, circunfer?ncia do bra?o, ?ndice de massa corporal e for?a de preens?o palmar), independentemente do sexo e da idade, o que refor?a sua aplicabilidade na avalia??o nutricional de idosos. No terceiro artigo, intitulado ?Acur?cia da espessura do m?sculo adutor do polegar no rastreio de risco de desnutri??o e de desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizados?, buscou-se determinar os pontos de corte da EMAP e sua acur?cia como instrumento de rastreio do risco de desnutri??o e de desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizados. Neste estudo, que envolveu a avalia??o de 291 indiv?duos idosos, verificou-se que a EMAP n?o atingiu n?veis satisfat?rios de acur?cia para risco nutricional e desnutri??o em ambos os sexos. Sugere-se a realiza??o de estudos longitudinais para avan?ar na investiga??o do papel da EMAP no rastreio do risco de desnutri??o e de desnutri??o em idosos hospitalizado

Recomendações para a proteção da privacidade do paciente

Resumo A preocupação sobre aspectos bioéticos da privacidade do indivíduo e da privacidade dos dados de seus atendimentos é crescente no meio médico. Processos propedêuticos e terapêuticos atuais requerem envolvimento multidisciplinar de uma série de indivíduos, especialmente em se tratando de internações hospitalares. A transmissão e o armazenamento das informações clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes envolvem diferentes mídias, com problemas inerentes de acessibilidade e proteção da informação. Os autores sugerem situações hipotéticas que exemplificam problemas comumente abordados na atuação de comitê de bioética clínica, contextualizando-os no Brasil e no mundo, e sugerindo passos para minimizar potenciais problemas de quebra de privacidade e confidencialidade

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author