Sensorial analysis of carrot genotypes grown under organic and conventional conditions

Foi realizada análise sensorial em genótipos de cenoura Alvorada, Brasília RL, Brasília Bionatur, Kuronan, Nantes e Carandaí, produzidos em sistema orgânico e convencional no Distrito Federal. No teste de comparação pareada 1, foram utilizadas raízes de Alvorada, Brasília e Nantes servidas cruas para 33 consumidores na CEASA (DF). Não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre as amostras para preferência do consumidor. No teste de comparação pareada 2, foi utilizada a cv. Brasília, cozida no vapor e servida a 24 pessoas de um edifício residencial, em Taguatinga (DF). As amostras provenientes do sistema orgânico foram preferidas pelos consumidores. Para o teste de ordenação 1 e 2, doze pessoas não treinadas provaram amostras de Alvorada, Brasília RL, Brasília Bionatur, Kuronan, Nantes e Carandaí cozidas em água. Alvorada proveniente do sistema orgânico foi preferida pelos consumidores. No teste de comparação pareada 3, realizado em área aberta na Universidade de Brasília, foi utilizada a cv. Alvorada cozida em água e servida a 36 consumidores. Não foi observada diferença estatística significativa para preferência entre sistemas de cultivo. No teste de comparação pareada 4, realizado no restaurante da Embrapa Hortaliças, Alvorada cozida a vapor foi servida a 39 consumidores. Amostras provenientes do sistema orgânico foram preferidas pelos consumidores. Alvorada proveniente do sistema de cultivo orgânico e preparada no vapor foi preferida pelos consumidores em detrimento do mesmo material, cru ou cozido em água. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTSensorial analysis was carried out in carrot genotypes Alvorada, Brasília RL, Brasília Bionatur, Kuronan, Nantes and Carandaí, grown under organic and conventional systems in Distrito Federal, Brazil. For the paired comparison test 1, uncooked samples of 'Alvorada', 'Brasília' and 'Nantes' were given to 33 consumers. There was no statistical difference among genotypes or crop system for the consumer's preference. For the paired comparison test 2, vapor cooked samples of 'Brasília' were given to 24 consumers in a residence. Samples from the organic crop system were preferred by consumers. For the ranking tests 1 and 2, 12 persons not previously trained were selected to evaluate samples of 'Alvorada', 'Brasília RL', 'Brasília Bionatur', 'Kuronan', 'Nantes' and 'Carandaí' cooked in water. 'Alvorada' samples from the organic crop system were preferred by consumers. For the paired comparison test 3, carried out at the University of Brasilia open area, samples of 'Alvorada' cooked in water were given to 36 consumers. There were no observed statistical differences between samples for consumer's preference. For the paired comparison test 4, carried out at Embrapa Hortaliça's restaurant, vapor cooked samples of 'Alvorada' were given to 39 persons. Samples from the organic crop system were preferred by consumers. Vapor cooked 'Alvorada' from the organic crop system was preferred by the consumers in comparison to 'Alvorada' uncooked or cooked in water

Correction factor determination in leafy vegetable crops commercialized in Brasilia, Brazil

O Brasil tem índices elevados de desperdício de alimentos, fato que afeta a economia e acentua os problemas sociais. O planejamento inadequado do processamento de alimentos, desde a pós-colheita até o consumo, é um dos canais do desperdício. As hortaliças têm sua durabilidade afetada por serem passíveis de sofrer modificações inerentes aos processos de crescimento e de maturação e por passarem por práticas higienizadoras e por serem submetidas a operações de subdivisão e/ou de cocção. Para tentar minimizar as perdas, a determinação do Fator de Correção (FC) de hortaliças é essencial, pois, este pode propiciar uma avaliação mais precisa do grau de desperdício e quais os fatores que podem intervir nas perdas. Este trabalho consiste na determinação de FC das seguintes hortaliças folhosas: alface americana, alface crespa, alface lisa, alface roxa, acelga, almeirão, agrião, chicória, couve manteiga, escarola, espinafre, mostarda, repolho branco, repolho roxo e rúcula. Foram adquiridas unidades de venda (no atacado) de cada hortaliça na Central de Abastecimento (CEASA) de Brasília-DF, de três fornecedores diferentes, em diferentes meses de colheita (abril, maio junho e outubro), perfazendo 36 amostras por hortaliça. Com o objetivo de detectar se existe influência dos meses de colheita sobre os fatores de correção parcial (FC 1) e final (FC 2), empregou-se a análise de variância e o teste de Tuckey para comparação das médias, ao nível de 5% de significância Os resultados apontaram que, para a maioria das hortaliças, não houve influência dos meses de colheita sobre o desperdício, considerando-se que não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os dados. No entanto para a acelga, a escarola e o repolho branco foram detectadas diferenças significativas. Para a acelga, o menor FC (ou seja, o menor desperdício) ocorreu na entressafra; já para o repolho branco, o menor FC ocorreu na safra. Assim, de modo geral, as perdas avaliadas pelo FC estão mais relacionadas ao manipulador das folhosas e ao estado de conservação das hortaliças do que ao período de safra. Desta forma, para as hortaliças que apresentaram diferenças com relação à época de amostragem, recomenda-se observância quanto ao período de planejamento dos cardápios visando a obtenção do aproveitamento eficiente do produto. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTBrazil has high indexes of food waste, which affects regional economy and increases social problems. Inadequate planning of food processing, from postharvest to consumption, is one of the reasons of loss. Vegetable crops are live organisms and their durability is affected by the processes of subdivision and cooking. To reduce losses, the determination of the Correction Factor is essential in order to evaluate the losses and the factors which interfere on these losses. This work consists on determining the Correction Factor of the following vegetable crops: Crisphead Lettuce, Unheaded Lettuce, Lettuce, Purple Leafs, Chard, Endive, Watercress, Common Chicory, Borecole Green Collard, Escarole, Spinach, Mustard, Cabbage, Red Cabbage and Rocket Crop. Three sale units of each vegetable crop were acquired at the CEASA in Brasília (Federal District, Brazil), from three different suppliers, with four replicates, a total of 36 samples of each vegetable crop. Aiming to detect the influence of the gathering month on the Partial Correction Factor (CF 1) and Final Correction Factor (CF 2) analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were carried out. In all tests a level of 5% of statistical significance was considered. The results showed that for the majority of the vegetables, harvest does not influence loss. However for chard, the lower CF occurred at harvest. On the other hand for cabbage, the lower CF occurred at harvest. This way for the majority of the vegetables, the losses evaluated by the CF are more related to handling procedures and conservation. For cabbage, it is recommended not to include it on meals in the harvest period because the vegetable is more expensive and losses are higher. Therefore, for vegetables that are influenced by harvest, it is recommended to observe the best period for menu planning

Cumprimento das normas ISO 14001 e ISO 22000 por serviços de alimentação

Objetivo Avaliar, em estabelecimentos produtores de refeições, a segurança de alimentos e a preocupação ambiental de acordo com o cumprimento das normas ABNT ISO 22000 e 14001 por meio de dois checklists. Métodos O presente estudo exploratório e descritivo foi realizado em restaurantes a la carte do Distrito Federal. Foram elaborados dois check-lists para representar os requisitos das normas ISO 22000 e 14001. Determinaram-se estatisticamente 37 unidades produtoras de refeições participantes, que foram sorteadas aleatoriamente dentre as presentes na lista da Associação de Bares e Restaurantes. Os resultados dos checklists foram analisados de acordo com os critérios de pontuação da Resolução ANVISA nº 275/2002. Resultados Cinco unidades possuíam nutricionista como responsável técnico e foram as que obtiveram maior conformidade no check-list da ISO. Nenhuma das unidades atingiu mais de 50% dos requerimentos das ISO 14001 e 22000, o que mostra a falta de preocupação com as questões ambientais e o não cumprimento da legislação vigente sobre coleta seletiva de lixo. Conclusão As unidades pesquisadas não possuem uma produção de refeições segura, conforme estabelecido nas normas de referência, e não se dedicam a diminuir o impacto ambiental gerado por seus resíduos poluentes. As unidades que têm um nutricionista apresentaram-se em melhores condições de produzir alimentos seguros para a população.Objective The objective of this study was to assess food service environmental and food safety management systems according to two checklists based on ABNT ISO 22000 and 14001. Methods This exploratory and descriptive study investigated a-la-carte food services of the Federal District, Brazil. Two checklists were developed to investigate ISO 14001 and 22000 compliance. A total of 37 food services were selected from the list of the Brazilian Association of Bars and Restaurants by simple random sampling. Checklist results were analyzed according to ANVISA resolution nº 275/2002. Results Only five food services employed dietitians to supervise meal production. These establishments achieved the highest ISO compliance. However, no establishment had more than 50% ISO 14001 or 22000 compliance. Restaurants showed little concern for the environment and disobeyed waste disposal laws by not separating recyclables from non-recyclables. Conclusion The study food services do not have safe meal production systems, evidenced by non-conformity with the reference standards. Additionally, they do not attempt to reduce the environmental impact of their wastes. Food services supervised by dietitians are better prepared to produce safe foods

Identifier of regional food presence (IRFP) : a new perspective to evaluate sustainable menus

The menu offered in restaurants must meet different aspects of quality. Cultural elements are related to their acceptance and can contribute to the preservation of habits, sustainable agricultural systems, and the maintenance of biodiversity and sustainability, among other factors. In this context, this research proposes an instrument for classifying menus regarding the presence/absence of regional foods called the identifier of regional foods presence (IRFP) as a new perspective to evaluate sustainable menus. For this, lists of regional preparations and ingredients were prepared for each Brazilian region. Sequentially, we submitted the dishes/ingredients to a developed decision tree for the classification of foods into regional or national foods. The score, based on the presence/absence of regional foods, considered the components of a menu, with zero attributed to a lack of regional ingredients/dishes. For national dishes/ingredients, researchers attributed a minimum score equal to ten. One regional food gave a score of50 to the menu, and with more than one regional food, a daily menu scored 100. The final menu evaluation was based on the mean scores of the menus in each restaurant. Scores between 0–49.9 were considered inadequate; 50–74.9, adequate; and excellent between 75–100. The IRFP was applied to 111 menus with data collected from all the offered dishes. In total, the study evaluated data from 774 recipes from the menus of 37 restaurants located in the five Brazilian regions with a similar operating system. ANOVA was used to verify if there was a statistical difference between the mean score of each Brazilian region (p < 0.05). The average score obtained by the IRFP in menus from Brazilian community restaurants was 80.3 ± 30.9 (excellent), showing a significant difference between the Northeast and Southeast Regions, with a more significant presence of regional foods in the Northeast (87.7 ± 28.7). The use of the IRFP in menus was shown to be easy in its application, contributing to a stimulation of the use of regional items and, consequently, to the direct and indirect benefits generated for the food system and the local population

Low-income population sugar (sucrose) intake : a cross-sectional study among adults assisted by a Brazilian food assistance program

Non-communicable diseases are increasing worldwide, and it has been known that sugar intake is associated with health implications. Studies show that sugar consumption is high among the low-income population. In Brazil, there is a Food Assistance Program to offer inexpensive and healthy meals to the low-income population, aiming to improve their health. However, no study has evaluated either the amount of sugar consumption by the Brazilian low-income population or its distribution among the consumed products. This work aimed to analyze the sugar (sucrose) consumption by the Brazilian low-income population. We carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study to evaluate the typical customers of a popular restaurant (PR) in Brazil (a Brazilian Food Assistance Program for low-income people). In the final sample, 1232 adult PR customers were surveyed. The exclusion criteria were pregnant women, diabetics, or people following any special diet with sucrose restrictions. Individuals were selected at lunchtime while they were in line waiting to collect their meal. Invitations to participate occurred to the first person in line, then the 15th person, and this pattern was used until the sample was completed. Three-day 24 h recall was used to evaluate sugar consumption. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected to allow profiling of the customers. A statistical analysis of the data with descriptive nature (frequency, mean, median, percentage, and standard deviation) was performed to characterize the sample. For all the analyses, statistical normality tests were performed (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) to verify the statistical test assumptions. The mean total energy value (TEV) over the evaluated three-day period was 1980.23 726.75 kcal. A statistically significant difference was found between income groups (p < 0.01). The North and Northeast region presented the lowest mean income in Brazil, statistically different from the South (p < 0.01) and the Southeast (p < 0.01). The North region presented the lowest sugar intake from industrialized products—different from the Northeast (p = 0.007), the Southeast (p = 0.010), and the South (p = 0.043). Also, the North presented the lowest consumption for food prepared at home among other regions (p < 0.001). Total sugar (sucrose) intake did not differ according to body mass index (p = 0.321). There was no significant difference in sugar (sucrose) consumption among the three days (p = 0.078). The addition of sugar (sucrose) contributed to 36.7% of all sugar (sucrose), and sweetened beverages with 22.53%. Food prepared at home contributed 20.06% and industrialized products 22.53% of the sugar (sucrose) intake. Therefore, free sugar (sucrose) consumption is still the largest contributor to the total consumption of sugar (sucrose), followed by sweetened drinks, especially during the weekend. The average percentage of sugar (sucrose) intake is above the World Health Organization recommendation to consume less than 5% of the total energy that comes from sugars. Since this population presents a high percentage of overweight and obese, the sugar (sucrose) consumption could increase health implications, increasing the costs for public health

Sustainability indicators in restaurants : the development of a checklist

This study aimed to develop and carry out content validation, semantic evaluation, reproducibility, and internal consistency of a checklist designed to verify the sustainability indicators in foodservice. The preliminary version of the checklist was prepared based on the international standards ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000, ISO 14001, ISO 14004 and documents from the Sustainable Restaurant Association (SRA) Certification, Green Seal Certifications, and Green Restaurant Association (GRA) certification, in addition to the American Dietetic Association (ADA) position. Thirteen experts in the study topic performed the content validation and semantic evaluation of the checklist (a minimum of 80% agreement among experts and mean value ≥4 on a 5-point Likert scale were needed to keep the item in the instrument). After consensus was reached by the experts’ panel, two different researchers applied the checklist in 20 restaurants (at the same time, in the same place, without communication between them) for the analysis of reproducibility and internal consistency (Federal District, Brazil). The agreement among answers was verified by Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. The final version of the checklist consisted of 76 items, divided into three sections (1. water, energy, and gas supply; 2. menu and food waste; 3. waste reduction, construction materials, chemicals, employees, and social sustainability). The developed checklist was validated concerning the content, approved in the semantic evaluation, reproducible, and with good reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) > 0.9 and alpha > 0.672)

Environmental, social and economic sustainability indicators applied to food services : a systematic review

Sustainability is the integration of actions focused on three pillars: environmental, social, and economical. Implementing sustainable development ranges from the pursuit of quality of life, and from environmental balance to break with the current pattern of development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to understand and analyze the sustainability indicators implemented in the production of meals in food services. The authors developed specific search strategies for Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global to perform the systematic review. The authors evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the Meta‐analysis Statistical Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI). A total of 31 cross‐sectional studies were analyzed. Twenty four (77.41%) of the studies had activities that covered the three indicators (environmental, social, and economic); 22.59% (n = 7) used two indicators in which 12.90% (n = 4) presented environmental and economic indicators and 9.67% (n = 3) with environmental and social indicators. This research indicates that the studies in food services are seeking to insert indicators that cover the three pillars of sustainable meal production. It is worth mentioning that in the literature, many works encompasses the importance of sustainability, but few explore which indicators are most applied or detail their implementation in food services. More studies are needed to estimate better the indicators being applied in food services