ผลต่อหัวใจและหลอดเลือดของสารสกัดหยาบและสารที่แยกได้จากลูกคัดเค้าสด

Thesis (Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences)--Prince of Songkla University, 200

Bone Mass, Body Mass Index, and Lifestyle Factors: A Case Study of Walailak University Staff

To assess bone mineral density (BMD) and explore lifestyle factors affecting BMD in 310 staff of Walailak University aged 25 - 45 years (men = 23.23 % and women 76.77 %). BMD was evaluated by Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis at the left distal-third radius. Anthropometric data including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences (WC) were measured, and lifestyle behaviors were also explored using the questionnaire. BMD status of both men and women showed similar results, 14.84 and 0.97 % of both genders were determined to have osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. Important data demonstrated the highest numbers of younger women aged 25 - 30 with osteopenia (30.61 %). Anthropometric results showed that 44.83 % of all subjects represented abnormal BMI (BMI < 18.5 and BMI  ³  23), and percentages of the men who had BMI more than 23 (51.39 %) were larger than those of the women (30.67 %). In contrast, only 26.45 % of both genders demonstrated abnormal WC, and the numbers for women were higher. Descriptive data of beverage consumption showed that most of men and women subjects had caffeine and carbonated beverage intakes less than 7 cups per week (73.61 and 87.82 %) and less than 3 cups per week (95.83 and 97.06 %) respectively, whereas only 9.72 and 26.89 % of men and women consumed more than 3 packs of milk per week. Results of lifestyle behaviors showed that almost all subjects preferred exercise, but only 47.22 and 31.09 % of men and women exercises 3 or more times per week. The multivariate analysis showed that BMD status is significantly associated with age group and BMI (OR = 3.30, CI, 1.086 – 6.3747 and OR = 0.43, CI, 0.2697 – 0.9805, respectively) after adjusting for age and gender. Normal BMI and older age group are the potential determinants, and other risk factors such as caffeine and carbonated beverages are sufficient concerns in adults

Cardiovascular effects of an n-butanol extract from fresh fruits of Randia siamensis

Randia siamensis is used in Thai folkloric medicine for inducing abortion and controlling blood pressure. The present study investigated the cardiovascular effects of an R. siamensis fruit extract, and mechanisms involved in anesthetized normal and reserpinized rats. R. siamensis (0.4-12 mg/kg) i.v. increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate. Both effects were significantly inhibited by phentolamine (2 mg/kg, i.v.) or propranolol (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.). The combination of phentolamine and propranolol, or reserpine pretreatment, inhibited the positive chronotropic effect with a slight decrease in the MAP. In vitro, R. siamensis (0.001-0.3 mg/ml) increased the rate of beating of the right atrium and the strength of the electrical field-stimulated contraction of the left atrium, both effects were inhibited by propranolol, or with reserpine pretreated rats. R. siamensis (0.01-3 mg/ml) produced a contraction of isolated thoracic aorta, which was potentiated by N-G-nitro-L-arginine (LNA), or by removal of the vascular endothelium, but inhibited by phentolamine, or reserpine. R. siamensis (0.3-3 mg/ml) caused a relaxation of phenylephrine-preconstricted aortic rings, which was potentiated with reserpine pretreatment, and abolished after removal of the vascular endothelium, or in the presence of LNA. These results suggest that R. siamensis extract exerts both hypertensive and positive chronotropic effects via the alpha-- and beta-adrenergic receptors of blood vessels and the heart, due to release of endogenous catecholamines, likely from nerve ending and adrenal medulla. The hypotensive activity results from the release of nitric oxide causing dilatation of the blood vessels. The present data support the folkloric therapeutic uses of this plant