EOSINOPHILIC VARIANT OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA - A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA

Introduction: Eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is an important entity to diagnose since it is aggressive and is associated with poor prognosis. Case Report: A 75-year-old patient presented with pain abdomen. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the kidney. The differential diagnosis given was renal cell carcinoma and hydatid cyst. Nephrectomy was done and the specimen was sent for histopathology. The specimen showed a gray-brown lesion with extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On microscopy, the tumor cells were arranged in nests. The cells had abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The differential diagnosis on morphology was chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma with extensive inflammation. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) proved the diagnosis of eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Hence, IHC is an essential adjunct to morphology in diagnosing renal neoplasms

To evaluate the role of sputum in the diagnosis of lung cancer in south Indian population

Background:The main advantage of sputum cytology is its simplicity, non-invasiveness and minimal discomfort to the patient. Though, the sputum is evaluated in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the report on the same in the South Indian population was lacking. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken to evaluate the role of sputum in the diagnosis of lung cancer in South Indian population.Methods:The material consisted of sputum samples from 133 patients and was collected in clean wide mouthed disposable plastic containers. Patients were asked to collect sputum the next morning after washing the mouth properly. The sputum was immediately brought to the laboratory and poured into a watch glass. Four smears were prepared from each sample, out of which two smears were immediately fixed in methanol and the other two were air-dried. The methanol fixed smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. Out of the two air dried smears, one was stained with May Grunwald Giemsa and the other with Gabbot's method for AFB. The smears were screened for malignant cells and a cytological diagnosis was made. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. The data obtained were represented as mean percentages.Results:The observation of sputum smears showed numerous pleiomorphic keratinized squamous cells, keratinized squamous cell with hyper chromatic nucleus in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pleiomorphic cells having vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleoli as in adenocarcinoma of the lung, cells arranged in small clusters and having scanty cytoplasm in small cell carcinoma and cells are slightly larger than lymphocyte with scanty cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, grooved nuclei in small cell carcinoma.Conclusion:Cytology of sputum is extremely useful and highly sensitive. The diagnostic accuracy is directly proportional to the number of samples. Sputum cytology is highly sensitive for the centrally located squamous cell carcinoma rather than the peripherally located adenocarcinoma. Properly collected, simple sputum examination alone can give results similar to other highly expensive methods like bronchoscopic material for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Influence of brassinosteroids on metabolites of Raphanus Sativus L.

The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the soluble proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and carbohydrate fractions (reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch) of radish was studied. Brassinosteroids elevated the soluble proteins of radish. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were also increased by brassinosteroid- application. Increased levels of carbohydrates in terms of reducing sugars, non - reducing sugars and starch was also observed.Â

Warming and elevated CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e alter the suberin chemistry in roots of photosynthetically divergent grass species

A majority of soil carbon (C) is either directly or indirectly derived from fine roots, yet roots remain the least understood component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The decomposability of fine roots and their potential to contribute to soil C is partly regulated by their tissue chemical composition. Roots rely heavily on heteropolymers such as suberins, lignins and tannins to adapt to various environmental pressures and to maximize their resource uptake functions. Since the chemical construction of roots is partly shaped by their immediate biotic/abiotic soil environments, global changes that perturb soil resource availability and plant growth could potentially alter root chemistry, and hence the decomposability of roots. However, the effect of global change on the quantity and composition of root heteropolymers are seldom investigated. We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and warming on the quantity and composition of suberin in roots of Bouteloua gracilis (C4) and Hesperostipa comata (C3) grass species at the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment at Wyoming, USA. Roots of B. gracilis exposed to elevated CO2 and warming had higher abundances of suberin and lignin than those exposed to ambient climate treatments. In addition to changes in their abundance, roots exposed to warming and elevated CO2 had higher ω-hydroxy acids compared to plants grown under ambient conditions. The suberin content and composition in roots of H. comata was less responsive to climate treatments. In H. comata, α,ω-dioic acids increased with the main effect of elevated CO2, whereas the total quantity of suberin exhibited an increasing trend with the main effect of warming and elevated CO2. The increase in suberin content and altered composition could lower root decomposition rates with implications for root-derived soil carbon under global change. Our study also suggests that the climate change induced alterations in species composition will further mediate potential suberin contributions to soil carbon pools

Brassinolide improves nutrient value in storage roots of Raphnus sativus L. var Pusa chetki long

The effect of brassinolide on the qualitative changes in the storage roots of radish was studied. Brassinolide stimulated the growth of radish roots. The root growth promotion was associated with increased levels of reducing sugars, starch, soluble proteins and minerals like phosphorous, potassium, calcium, iron and sodium. Brassinolide further increased the contents of ascorbic acid and niacin present in the roots indicating their ability to improve the over all quality of storage roots of radish.&nbsp

Brassinosteroids on the oxidizing and hydrolyzing enzymes of radish plants – A study

The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the activities of two oxidizing enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) and two hydrolyzing enzymes (ribonuclease and protease) of radish plants were studied. Both the brassinosteroids stimulated the activity of the oxidizing enzyme, catalase of the radish plants. The activity of the other oxidizing enzyme peroxidase was decreased by the application of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide. Brassinosteroid-treatment resulted in lowered protease as well as ribonuclease activity

Oral Cysticercosis - A Case Report

Oral cysticercosis is a rare disease caused by the ingestion of the parasite Cysticercus cellulosae (larval stage of Taenia solium), in which man acts as an intermediate host instead of definitive and represents a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. A case of oral cysticercosis in a 16-year-old male, who presented a painless swelling in the dorsal portion of the tongue is reported. An excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological examination revealed a cystic cavity containing the tapeworm

Study on Software Defect Prediction Based on SVM and Decision Tree Algorithm

Software Defect Prediction is a process of identifying the potential defects in software systems before they occur. In this approach, the dataset containing information about software attributes is used as input, and the output is the prediction of whether the software is defective or not. The input dataset is generally in the form of a CSV file, which contains various software attributes such as cyclomatic complexity, essential complexity, Design Complexity, etc. The output of the defect prediction is binary classification. It is done by using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and a decision tree algorithm. This approach can help software developers identify their systems' defects before they cause any harm or affect the system’s performance

An Approach Ahead Product Counterfeiting Identification for BIRTHMARKS in Light of DYKIS

Programming skin pigmentation will be an exceptional trademark of a project. Thus, thinking about the birthmarks between those plaintiff What's more respondent projects gives a compelling methodology for programming counterfeiting identification. However, programming skin pigmentation era appearances two principle challenges: the non attendance of source book What's more different code confusion systems that endeavour should shroud the aspects of a system. We recommend another sort for product skin pigmentation known as progressive magic direction book grouping (DYKIS) that might a chance to be concentrated from an executable without the have for source book. Those counterfeiting identification calculation In view of our new birthmarks will be versatile to both powerless confusion strategies for example, compiler optimizations and solid confusion systems executed clinched alongside instruments for example, such that sand mark, allatori What's more upx. We recommended an instrument known as DYKIS-PD (DYKIS counterfeiting identification tool) Furthermore require on direct examinations ahead vast number about double projects

Optimization of sub 100 nm Γ-gate Si-MOSFETs for RF applications

This paper presents characterization and simulation studies on the RF performance of the Γ (Gamma) gate MOSFETs. The Γ-gate MOSFET offers the advantage of reduced gate resistance, a critical parameter in high frequency circuits. The aim of this study is to identify the optimum Γ-gate extension length from the gate and drain resistance point of view in aggressively scaled CMOS