Mitigation of mutual coupling in microstrip antenna arrays

This article demonstrates the alleviation of mutual coupling of a simple and low-cost four-element microstrip array antenna by loading I-shaped slot-type electromagnetic band gap structure in the ground plane. FR-4 glass epoxy is used as dielectric substrate. Moreover, the proposed array antenna shows a better performance in terms of multi-band resonance. The antenna is resonating at four frequencies and a virtual size reduction of 78.48% is obtained. The designed array antenna possesses directional radiation properties. Mentor Graphics IE3D software is used to design and simulate the designed antennas and the measured results are obtained using vector network analyser.Работа посвящена исследованию возможности повышения эфективности микрополосковых антенных решеток, которые рассчитаны на работу в узкой полосе частот. Для решения этой проблемы предлагается использовать структуры, которые образуют активные электромагнитные зоны (АЭЗ) в плоскости микрополосковой антенной решетки. Эти зоны могут способствовать распространению или подавлению электромагнитных волн, что приводит к минимизации влияния поверхностных волн, уменьшению взаимного влияния элементов антенных решеток, а также к существенному снижению уровня заднего лепестка диаграммы направленности антенны.Роботу присвячено дослідженню можливості підвищення ефективності мікросмужкових антенних решіток, які розраховані на роботу у вузькій смузі частот. Для вирішення цієї проблеми пропонується використовувати структури, які утворюють активні електромагнітні зони (АЕЗ) в площині мікросмужкової антенної решітки. Ці зони можуть сприяти поширенню або придушенню електромагнітних хвиль, що призводить до мінімізації впливу поверхневих хвиль, зменшенню взаємного впливу між елементами антенних решіток, а також суттєвому зниженню рівня задньої пелюстки діаграми спрямованості антени

Solitary Mandibular Lesion as the Presenting Sign of Multiple Myeloma: A Rare Case Report

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare hematological malignancy caused by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the marrow of various bones. It is more common in men in the sixth and seventh decade of life. Patients usually present with bone pain, fatigue, recurrent infections, renal failure and nervous system dysfunction. Rarely, oral lesions may be the initial sign of multiple myeloma presenting with pain, jaw swelling, tooth mobility, multiple punched out radiolucencies and parasthesia. A case of multiple myeloma occurring in a 71 year old male patient who presented with a solitary lesion in the mandible is presented here. This paper highlights the importance of knowing oral manifestations of multiple myeloma and interdisciplinary approach required for early diagnosis

Different wavelengths light to induce physiological changes callus for the biosynthesis of gymnemic acid in Gymnema sylvestre

A callus culture of Gymnema sylvestre was cultivated under different light conditions (blue, white, red and green light). Green-white coloured gymnemic acid containing cell groups were formed on the surface of the callus culture under blue light respectively. The phytohormone kinetin enhanced the gymnemic acid formation in blue light, but was unable to induce gymnemic acid in darkness. The phytohormone 2,4-D induced the formation gymnemic acid under all light conditions studied. Analysis of the callus growth phase under all treatments revealed that gymnemic acid accumulation was maximum (12.22 mg/g d.w) in the callus during stationary phase of 45 days, grown in MS medium with 2,4-D (1.5 mg/l) and KN 0.5 mg/l under white fluorescent light. Blue light enhanced the gymnemic acid accumulation up to 4.4 fold of that found under white fluorescent light and 2.8 fold of that found in intact leaves. Present findings concluded that blue light can be used as tool for enhancing pentacyclic tri-terpenoids in batch culture of G. sylvestre

Multiple-photon resolving fiber-loop detector

We show first reconstructions of the photon-number distribution obtained with a multi-channel fiber-loop detector. Apart from analyzing the statistics of light pulses this device can serve as a sophisticated postselection device for experiments in quantum optics and quantum information. We quantify its efficiency by means of the Fisher information and compare it to the efficiency of the ideal photodetector.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Noninvasive, Quantitative, Spatiotemporal Characterization of Mineralization in Three-Dimensional Collagen Hydrogels Using High-Resolution Spectral Ultrasound Imaging

As tissue engineering products move toward the clinic, nondestructive methods to monitor their development and ensure quality are needed. In this study, high-resolution spectral ultrasound imaging (SUSI) was used to noninvasively characterize mineral content in collagen hydrogels. SUSI was used to generate three-dimensional (3D) grayscale (GS) images of construct morphology with submillimeter resolution. Spectral analysis of the backscattered radio frequency (RF) ultrasound signals was used to determine the midband fit (MBF) and slope of the linearized RF spectrum. These parameters are operator and instrument independent, and were used to characterize the spatial distribution of mineral in constructs supplemented with hydroxyapatite particles. GS and MBF correlated closely with mineral content, while slope was not dependent on concentration. SUSI also was used to monitor mineralization of collagen constructs by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) over 21 days. The construct surface was mineralized before the interior, and there was a dose-dependent effect of SBF concentration on degree of mineralization and deposited particle size. MBF density was closely correlated with the amount of calcium deposited. These data demonstrate that SUSI has utility as a noninvasive imaging method for quantitative analysis of mineralization in 3D protein constructs. Such techniques may assist the development of engineered orthopedic tissues.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98485/1/ten%2Etec%2E2012%2E0180.pd

New early Eocene tapiromorph perissodactyls from the Ghazij Formation of Pakistan, with implications for mammalian biochronology in Asia

Early Eocene mammals from Indo-Pakistan have only recently come under study. Here we describe the first tapiromorph perissodactyls from the subcontinent. Gandheralophus minor n. gen. and n. sp. and G. robustus n. sp. are two species of Isectolophidae differing in size and in reduction of the anterior dentition. Gandheralophus is probably derived from a primitive isectolophid such as Orientolophus hengdongensis from the earliest Eocene of China, and may be part of a South Asian lineage that also contains Karagalax from the middle Eocene of Pakistan. Two specimens are referred to a new, unnamed species of Lophialetidae. Finally, a highly diagnostic M3 and a molar fragment are described as the new eomoropid chalicothere Litolophus ghazijensis sp. nov. The perissodactyls described here, in contrast to most other mammalian groups published from the early Eocene of Indo-Pakistan, are most closely related to forms known from East and Central Asia. Tapiromorpha are diverse and biochronologically important in the Eocene there and our results allow the first biochronological correlation between early Eocene mammal faunas in Indo-Pakistan and the rest of Asia. We suggest that the upper Ghazij Formation of Pakistan is best correlated with the middle or late part of the Bumbanian Asian Land-Mammal Age, while the Kuldana and Subathu Formations of Pakistan and India are best correlated with the Arshantan Asian Land-Mammal Age

Thermodynamics of the incommensurate state in Rb_2WO_4: on the Lifshitz point in A`A``BX_4 compounds

We consider the evolution of the phase transition from the parent hexagonal phase $P6_{3}/mmc$ to the orthorhombic phase $Pmcn$ that occurs in several compounds of $A'A''BX_{4}$ family as a function of the hcp lattice parameter $c/a$. For compounds of $K_{2}SO_{4}$ type with $c/a$ larger than the threshold value 1.26 the direct first-order transition $Pmcn-P6_{3}/mmc$ is characterized by the large entropy jump $Rln2$. For compounds $Rb_{2}WO_{4}$, $K_{2}MoO_{4}$, $K_{2}WO_{4}$ with $c/a<1.26$ this transition occurs via an intermediate incommensurate $(Inc)$ phase. DSC measurements were performed in $Rb_{2}WO_{4}$ to characterize the thermodynamics of the $Pmcn-Inc-P6_{3}/mmc$ transitions. It was found that both transitions are again of the first order with entropy jumps $0.2Rln2 and$0.3Rln2$. Therefore, at$c/a ~ 1.26$the$A'A''BX_{4}$compounds reveal an unusual Lifshitz point where three first order transition lines meet. We propose the coupling of crystal elasticity with$BX_{4}$ tetrahedra orientation as a possible source of the transitions discontinuity.Comment: 13 pages,1 Postscript figure. Submitted as Brief Report to Phys. Rev. B, this paper reports a new work in Theory and Experiment, directed to Structural Phase Transition

Pharmacy Education in India: Strategies for a Better Future

In this world of specialization and globalization the pharmacy education in India is suffering from serious backdrops and flaws. There is an urgent need to initiate an academic exercise aimed at attaining revamping of curriculum, keeping in pace with current and emerging trends in the field of pharmacy. Unfortunately all these years, enough emphasis was not laid on strengthening the components of Community Pharmacy, Hospital and Clinical pharmacy, while designing curriculum at diploma and degree levels of teaching. The curriculum followed by almost all universities in India are no were up to the world standards and students are still getting the 20-30 yrs older compounding practical exposure in labs during the graduation level. The article emphasises the concept of innovation ecosystems and quality management. Application of TQM to the educational system improves the present situation. The counseling system which serves to be the gateway of the students for entry into the profession should be brought under the scanner. Introducing specializations at the graduation level will result in professional expertise and excellence. Education is a customer focused industry and every student should be capable of evaluating themselves for continuously improving their quality and professionalism. Teacher focused mastery learning should give away to student focused smart learning. An educational institution should provide the student with a stress-free atmosphere for learning and developing his intellectual capabilities. Every college should have a counseling centre to address the problems of students in their academic and personal life. An emphasis on the concept of quality teacher is included. Revival of the pharmacy education in India is the need of the hour which in turn will pave the way for the up gradation of the pharmacy profession in the country

Observation and Assignment of Silent and Higher Order Vibrations in the Infrared Transmission of C60 Crystals

We report the measurement of infrared transmission of large C60 single crystals. The spectra exhibit a very rich structure with over 180 vibrational absorptions visible in the 100 - 4000 cm-1 range. Many silent modes are observed to have become weakly IR-active. We also observe a large number of higher order combination modes. The temperature (77K - 300K) and pressure (0 - 25KBar) dependencies of these modes were measured and are presented. Careful analysis of the IR spectra in conjunction with Raman scattering data showing second order modes and neutron scattering data, allow the selection of the 46 vibrational modes C60. We are able to fit *all* of the first and second order data seen in the present IR spectra and the previously published Raman data (~300 lines total), using these 46 modes and their group theory allowed second order combinations.Comment: REVTEX v3.0 in LaTeX. 12 pages. 8 Figures by request. c60lon