Stochastic Assessment of Bone Fragility in Human Lumbar Spine

Osteoporotic fractures are a vital public health concern and create a great economic burden for our society. It is estimated that more than 2 million fractures occur in the United States at a cost of $17 billion each year. Deterioration of microarchitecture of trabecular bone is considered as a major contributor to bone fragility. Current clinical imaging modalities such as Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are not able to describe bone microarchitecture due to their low resolution. The main objective of this study was to obtain the relationship between stochastic parameters calculated from bone mineral density (BMD) maps of DXA scans and the microarchitecture parameters measured from three dimensional (3D) images of human lumbar vertebrae acquired using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) scanner. Eighteen human lumbar vertebrae with intact posterior elements were scanned in the posterior-anterior projection using a DXA scanner. Stochastic parameters such as correlation length (L), sill variance (C) and nugget variance ( ) were calculated by fitting a theoretical model onto the experimental variogram of the BMD map of the human vertebrae. In addition, microarchitecture parameters such as bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and bone surface-to-volume ratio (BS/BV) were measured from 3D images of the same human lumbar vertebrae. Significant correlations were observed between stochastic predictors and microarchitecture parameters of trabecular bone. Specifically, the sill variance was positively correlated with the bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, connectivity density and negatively correlated with the bone surface to volume ratio and trabecular separation. This study demonstrates that stochastic assessment of the inhomogeneity of bone mineral density from routine clinical DXA scans of human lumbar vertebrae may have the potential to serve as a valuable clinical tool in enhancing the prediction of risks for osteoporotic fractures in the spine. The main advantage of using DXA scans is that it would be cost effective, since most hospitals already have DXA machines and there would be no need for purchasing new equipment

A Study on Tools And Techniques Used For Network Forensic In A Cloud Environment: An Investigation Perspective

The modern computer environment has moved past the local data center with a single entry and exit point to a global network comprising many data centers and hundreds of entry and exit points, commonly referred as Cloud Computing, used by all possible devices with numerous entry and exit point for transactions, online processing, request and responses traveling across the network, making the ever complex networks even more complex, making traversing, monitoring and detecting threats over such an environment a big challenge for Network forensic and investigation for cybercrimes. It has demanded in depth analysis using network tools and techniques to determine how best information can be extracted pertinent to an investigation. Data mining technique providing great aid in finding relevant clusters for predicting unusual activities, pattern matching and fraud detection in an environment, capable to deal with huge amount of data. The concept of network forensics in cloud computing requires a new mindset where some data will not be available, some data will be suspect, and some data will be court ready and can fit into the traditional network forensics model. From a network security viewpoint, all data traversing the cloud network backplane is visible and accessible by the cloud service provider. It is not possible to think now that one physical device will only have one operating system that needs to be taken down for investigation. Without the network forensics investigator, understanding the architecture of the cloud environment systems and possible compromises will be overlooked or missed. In this paper, we focus on the role of Network Forensic in a cloud environment, its mapping few of the available tools and contribution of Data Mining in making analysis, and also to bring out the challenges in this field

CHARACTER BASED EVIDENCE OUT SOURCING BY EXTENSIVE RECORDING IN CLOUD

ICA must be solely responsible for sealing employees without prejudice to the protection of salvation. In the search for an automobile engineer and Mura plans, each time you use a secret object and add a small amount of selection, depending on the few baths used by the ancestors within the base of the tree. One not perfect cannot consider the feeling that the CSP should be a secret place for all employees. In the context of this article, we recommend that you develop a new way of solving two problems, improved work and CRA only for health care users. Finally, we added a BE program that prohibits the introduction of an AR-assisted authentication program to obtain limited rights in a timely manner to administer a wide range of items for the year. In low cost use / user available within DI-PKS to correct them correctly. The search method uses the most reliable and reliable translation tool to handle PGG uploads and help users to delete the textbook. With test and analysis results, our systems are ideal for electronic devices. For health safety, we have shown our safeguards regarding the definition of the virus used in the decision that Diffie-Hellman must adopt. What has been said gives the government of our party chosen by the Arabs and identifies its security points to compare threats and possible attacks. CRA: limited rights plan called temporary guarantee to sponsor a wide range of annual activities

Photohalogenation of 3-acetylcoumarins: Facile synthesis of 3-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)coumarins and their conversion into 3-[2,5- dimethylpyrrol-1-yl) thiazol-4-yI]-coumanns

1085-108

Search for physiologically active compounds. Part VI. Synthesis of halo and nitro derivatives of dihydroxy xanthones

The condensation of resorcinol and 4-chloro resorcinol with chloro- and nitro-substituted β-resorcylic acids, has yielded the corresponding tetrahydroxy benzophenones, which with the exception of those containing nitro groups, could be cyclised to the respective 3:6-dihydroxy xanthones. In the case of condensations with orcinol, however, 1:6-dihydroxy xanthones could be directly isolated. A number of halo and nitro derivatives of 3:6-dihydroxy xanthone have also been prepared by direct halogenation and nitration of the xanthone, as well as by substitution in the intermediate benzophenone and subsequent cyclisation

Search for physiologically active compounds. Part VII. Synthesis of halo and nitro coumarones

5- and 5:7-dihalo, 5-methoxy-7-halo and 5-methoxy-7-nitro, 5-halo-6-methoxy and 5-nitro-6-methoxy coumarones have been synthesised by condensing the appropriately substituted salicylaldehydes with bromomalonic ester

Pharmacognostical Studies and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigations on Roots of Sophora interrupta Bedd., Fabaceae

Sophora interrupta Bedd., is a woody perennial shrub which belongs to the family Fabaceae. Many species of this genus like S. flavescens Ait., and S. japonica L. are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Several phytochemical investigations on this genus revealed the presence of many bioactive constituents like matrine and oxymatrine alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and polysaccharides which has medicinal importance. In view of its allied species, their importance in the Chinese medicine and in the absence of its scientifically reported pharmacognostical parameters, the present study attempts to undertake the study of qualitative and quantitative microscopic evaluation of the root along with physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis of root powder which helps to establish diagnostic characters and quality parameters for the identification of powdered form of root. Phytochemical evaluation of roots revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and carbohydrates. TLC and HPTLC profile of Benzene extract was performed for flavonoids

Association of triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is frequently observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recent studies advocated that triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) can be used as a simple clinical indicator of IR. Hence, the present study was performed to investigate the use of TG/HDL-C and its association with IR in PCOS.Methods: Forty-one patients with PCOS and 40 healthy age matched women were randomly enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Insulin resistance was defined by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI).Results: In PCOS group, the insulin, HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-C ratio were significantly higher (p=0.001) than controls while, QUICKI was lower (p=0.001). Insulin, HOMA-IR were positively correlated with TG/HDL-C (ρ=0.303, p=0.006 and ρ=0.312, p=0.005 respectively) while, QUICKI was negatively correlated (ρ=-0.698, p=0.001). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC) for model based on QUICKI levels was better 0.898 (95% CI: 0.811-0.955, p=0.001) than HOMA-IR 0.636 (95% CI: 0.522-0.740, p=0.03). A cut-off value 3.23 for TG/HDL-C is proposed from the model based on QUICKI with best combination of sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 86.7%.Conclusions: Results of present study support that TG/HDL-C ratio may be a simple indicator of IR in PCOS patients which helps clinicians to identify IR in small centers, where the assays for insulin measurement are not available

Preparation of 2-aryl-6,7-dihydroxy-8-undecyl-4H-1,3,4-benzoxadiazines

68-6

Diphyllobothriasis in a nine-year-old child in India: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>genus belongs to the <it>Diphyllobothridea </it>order of tapeworms. <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp., which is commonly known as fish tapeworm, is generally transmitted in humans, but also in other species, such as bears, dogs, cats, foxes, and other terrestrial carnivores. Although worldwide in distribution, the original heartland of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. spreads across Scandinavia, northern Russia, and western Serbia. We report a rare case that occurred in India.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A nine-year-old south Indian girl was brought to the casualty at the Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences with complaints of vomiting and loose stools that had started three days earlier. The vomit did not have a foul smell and contained no blood or mucus, but it did contain undigested food particles. The patient described a history of recurrent abdominal pain. She was a non-vegetarian and said she had a history of eating fish.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. infection is infrequent in India. Since this is only the fourth reported case in India, and since the previously reported cases also involved observed pediatric patients, we emphasize the need for clinical microbiologists and pediatricians to suspect fish tapeworm infection and recommend epidemiological study of <it>Diphyllobothrium </it>spp. infection.</p