INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF COIX LACHRYMAJOBI ON HYALURONIDASE AND L-AMINO ACID OXIDASE OF NAJA NAJA AND DABOIA RUSSELLI VENOM

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of inhibitory effect of ethanolic root extract (ERE) of plant Coix lachrymajobi (Poaceae) on hyaluronidase and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) of Daboia russelii and Naja naja venom. Methodology: The ethanolic root extract of C. lachrymajobi is used to treat snake bite victims by traditional healers as folk medicine for centuries, was tested in-vitro to determine its ability to inhibit D. russelli and N. naja hyaluronidase and LAAO activities.  In-vitro studies were carried out with different doses of ERE.Results & Discussion: which effectively neutralized hyaluronidase and LAAO activities of both D. russelli and N. naja venom.  ERE at doses of 2000µg successfully inhibited D. russelli (50 µg) hyaluronidase activity by 67.04% and LAAO activity by 77.86%.  The hyaluronidase activity of N. naja venom (50 µg) was inhibited by 71.83% and LAAO activity was reduced by 74.83%.  From the results, It is evident that the ERE of Coix lachrymajobi effectively neutralizes important toxic enzymes of the D. russelli and Naja naja venoms.Keywords: Daboia russelii; Naja naja; Coix lacryma-jobi; Hyaluronidase; L-amino acid oxidas

PRELIMINARY PHTOCEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTI-VENOM ACTIVITY OF COIX LACRYMAJOBI ROOT EXTRACT AGAINST DABOIA RUSSELLI VENOM-INDUCED MYONECROSIS

Objective: The aim of the study was to carry out the preliminary phytochemical investigation and to evaluate the inhibition of Daboia russellivenom‑induced myonecrosis by root extract (RE) of Coix lacrymajobi.Methods: The roots of C. lacrymajobi were subjected to differential extraction by soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate,and ethanol. The resultant extracts were subjected to the preliminary phytochemical investigation to identify the different chemical groups present inthe extracts. Myonecrotic activity was conducted, to assess the ability of ethanolic RE to inhibit the myonecrosis induced by D. russelli venom in rats.Results: The preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of triterpenoids, resins, steroids and fixed oils in petroleum ether extract,flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and fixed oils in chloroform extract and alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids,and tannins. Ethanolic extract was found to have maximum number of phytochemicals, and hence, it was used for further study. The ethanolic REsignificantly inhibited the myonecrotic activity at dose level 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight.Conclusion: The screening of phytochemicals presents on the different fractions of the RE was studied successfully. Supporting the use of roots bytraditional healers, ethanolic extract successfully inhibited D. russelli venom‑induced myonecrosis in rats.Keywords: Coix lacrymajobi, Daboia russelli, Myonecrosis

Delamination Buckling of Composite Conical Shells Under External Pressure

Airframe construction in conical form is the most desired shape of flight hardware due to their low drag profileand are located at the fore-end region of flight vehicles encountering high drag loads. Owing to their tailoringcapability, materials with orthotropic mechanical properties are preferred choice. Delamination defects formed inthem while manufacturing or when subjected to loads would unfavorably influence the mechanical performanceof the orthotropic airframe. In the current work, FE simulation of delamination which is embedded in orthotropiccone shaped shells under external pressure load is performed as per the method cited in published literature. A layer wise element based on shell theory has been used and the effect of delamination size and its through the thickness position on the mechanical performance of the cone shaped shell is investigated. Circumferential and rectangular shapes of defects have been simulated. The investigation is performed for metal and composite materials with 3 types of stacking sequences generally used in practical designs. Verification of the procedure is carried out by equating with the procedure cited in published studies on shells of thin orthotropic cylinders. The eigen value of the first mode is taken as the critical buckling factor under external pressure. The buckling factor of the delaminated cone is normalized with the buckling factor of the ideal cone. The normalized buckling factor is showed graphically with the normalised defect size. Global, as well as local buckling and also symmetric as well as asymmetric buckling shapes, are observed in the results of the simulation. Shift from global mode to local mode of buckling is also observed in certain cases. Drastic reduction in buckling capability with the local mode is observed when the defect location is close to the surface and more prominent for an outer surface case

Imaging features of rare mesenychmal liver tumours: beyond haemangiomas.

Tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue components such as vascular, fibrous and adipose tissue can manifest in the liver. Although histopathology is often necessary for definitive diagnosis, many of these lesions exhibit characteristic imaging features. The radiologist plays an important role in suggesting the diagnosis, which can direct appropriate immunohistochemical staining at histology. The aim of this review is to present clinical and imaging findings of a spectrum of mesenchymal liver tumours such as haemangioma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma, lipoma, PEComa, angiosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, solitary fibrous tumour, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatic metastases. Knowledge of the characteristic features of these tumours will aid in guiding the radiologic diagnosis and appropriate patient management

A rat model against chemotherapy plus radiation-induced oral mucositis

AbstractObjectivesPresent study was aimed at developing an experimental model of oral mucositis in rats using a combination of chemotherapeutic agent and radiation.Study designFemale Wistar rats (150–200g) were divided into 3 groups (n=6). Rats in group 1 (normal control) and group 2 (mucositis control) were treated with vehicle. Rats in group 3 were treated with l-glutamine (1g/kg, p.o.; 15days) before and after mucositis induction. Oral mucositis was induced by busulfan (6mg/kg, p.o.; 4days) and the tongue exposed to infrared (IR) radiation of intensity 40mV/cm2 for 5 s on the 1st, 4th and 10th days of challenge using a tail flick apparatus. Parameters monitored were body weight, food intake, blood count and survival. Oral mucositis score (OMS) was recorded daily. Histological changes of the irradiated tongue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsBusulfan and IR radiation significantly reduced body weight and food intake of the mucositis control group as compared to normal control. Clear ulceration of the tongue reflected in the OMS. Histopathology of the tongue revealed intense lymphocytic infiltration, decreased thickness of squamous epithelial cell layer, decrease in number of blood vessels, and necrosis of cells along with pseudo-membrane formation in the mucositis control group. These findings suggested that oral mucositis was successfully induced and treatment with l-glutamine partially reversed these conditions.ConclusionOral mucositis was established successfully in rats by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and IR radiation. This may be a useful model for screening drugs in the treatment of oral mucositis

Modelling and Analysis (Gravity & Seismic) Of Two Different Buildings with and Without Infill Walls Using Software SAP 2000

Reinforced Concrete framed structures are consistentlyincluded in the building developments which are framed as exposed edge structures and for the most part the casings in the uncovered edge structures are filled by workmanship infill or concrete pieces in numerous nations arranged in seismic districts. The nearness of infill divider in RC Frames offers a monetary and tough arrangement as well as improving the quality and solidness of edge by acting like pressure strut in the middle of the void space of segment and shaft in RC Framed structures and exchange the compressive powers starting with one hub then onto the next. It is plainly frames that the nearness of infill divider has noteworthy basic ramifications within the sight of buildings in earthquakes (like Bhuj quake). The execution of RC Framed buildings with and without infill walls is seen by this investigation. Here investigated and frame the workmanship infill walls as pressure struts by receiving identical corner to corner strut idea, to evaluate the contribution of infill divider in seismic resistance of customary RC Buildings. Modeling the two diverse multi storied buildings (G+5, G+9) with and without infill walls and planned it and investigated for horizontal burdens utilizing programming (SAP 2000). Modeled the strut buildings as double strut model, triple strut models for both the structures and looking at the got comes about because of the modernized model investigation for with and without infill divider structures. At long last, we check the outcomes for add up to weight of building, Base shear, time period, and zone of steel required by building and model interest mass proportion for the looking at of result

An index based road feature extraction from LANDSAT-8 OLI images

Road feature extraction from the remote sensing images is an arduous task and has a significant role in various applications of urban planning, updating the maps, traffic management, etc. In this paper, a new band combination (B652) to form a road index (RI) from OLI multispectral bands based on the spectral reflectance of asphalt, is presented for road feature extraction. The B652 is converted to road index by normalization. The morphological operators (top-hat or bottom-hat) uses on RI to enhance the roads. To sharpen the edges and for better discrimination of features, shock square filter (SSF), is proposed. Then, an iterative adaptive threshold (IAT) based online search with variational min-max and Markov random fields (MRF) model are used on the SSF image to segment the roads and non-roads. The roads are extracting by using the rules based on the connected component analysis. IAT and MRF model segmentation methods prove the proposed index (RI) able to extract road features productively. The proposed methodology is a combination of saturation based adaptive thresholding and morphology (SATM), and saturation based MRF (SMRF), applied to OLI images of several urban cities of India, producing the satisfactory results. The experimental results with the quantitative analysis presented in the paper