Free A*-algebras

In this paper we studied the free A*-algebras, the sub A*-algebra generated by a subset and its characterization, an A*-algebra freely generated by a subset and introduced the concept of A*-field of sets. Also we established some theorems on making A*-field of sets into A*-algebras

VERILOG Implementation of Reconfigurable Routers for Low Power

Network-on-chip (NoC) designs are based on a compromise among latency, power dissipation, or energy, and the balance is usually defined at design time. However, setting all parameters, such as buffer size, at design time can cause either excessive power dissipation (originated by router under utilization), or a higher latency. The situation worsens whenever the application changes its communication pattern, e.g., a portable phone downloads a new service. Large buffer sizes can ensure performance during the execution of different applications, but unfortunately, these same buffers are mainly responsible for the router total power dissipation. Another aspect is that by sizing buffers for the worst case latency incurs extra dissipation for the mean case, which is much more frequent. In this paper we propose the use of a reconfigurable router, where the buffer slots are dynamically allocated to increase router efficiency in an NoC, even under rather different communication loads. In the proposed architecture, the depth of each buffer word used in the input channels of the routers can be reconfigured at run time. The reconfigurable router allows up to 52% power savings, while maintaining the same performance as that of a homogeneous router, but using a 64% smaller buffer size

Purification and properties of phage P22-induced lysozyme

Phage P22 induces a lysozyme in Salmonella typhimurium cells toward the later stage of its multiplication. P22 lysozyme has been purified about 1000-fold starting from the lysate of C1 (clear plaque-forming mutant of phage P22)-infected cells. The enzyme has an optimum pH between 7 and 8 and its activity is dependent on the ionic strength of the assay medium. Salts like MgCl2, NaCl, and KCl are inhibitory to the lysozyme. Gram-negative cells act as better substrates for the lysozyme than do gram-positive cells. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 2 × 104 and rapidly looses its activity at temperatures higher than 40°. The properties of P22 lysozyme have been compared with those of λ and T4 lysozymes. All three lysozymes have more or less the same molecular weight and have similar properties although P22 and T4 lysozymes seem to be closer than P22 and λ lysozymes

Variations in radiographic appearance of articular cartilage of knee joints in persons of 35 to 65 years of age

Background:Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive degenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis is not a normal process of ageing processes. Age related changes are distinct from osteoarthritic changes but when coupled with certain precipitating factors like obesity, muscle weakness and neurological dysfunction may play an important role in the causation of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis occurrence appears to increase with patient’s age in a non-linear fashion. The prevalence of disease increases dramatically after the age of 50 years, likely because of age related alterations in collagen and proteoglycan synthesis coupled with diminished nutrient supply to the cartilage.Methods:In this paper presenting the naked eye assessment of radiographic appearance of articular cartilage of knee joints of 100 persons (both men and women) of 35 to 65 years of age with symptoms like pain and stiffness of the joint.Results:Parameters like changes in the joint space width, the presence or absence of osteophytes and subchondral sclerosis and cysts were noted.  The correlation between the patient’s age, sex, symptoms and radiological appearance were observed.Conclusion:Osteoarthritis has a higher prevalence and more often generalized in women than in men. Before the age of 50 years, the incidence of osteoarthritis is low and men have a slightly higher prevalence than women, but after the age of 50 years, the disease becomes more frequent and women have a much higher prevalence with a female to male ration of about 12:1. The reason for this is sex difference in cartilage volume.

A Dual- Band Microstrip Array Antenna with Defected Ground Structure

This paper objective is to construct and analyse a dual-band inset-fed microstrip array antenna for 4.77 GHz and 5.09 GHz dual band frequency with a defective ground structure (DGS) plane. An inset-fed microstrip patch antenna array's ground plane could have H shaped slots etched out of it to permit operation in the second frequency band (4.77 GHz), which is a design concept. To achieve this goal,a wide parametric analysis is applied to select the placements of etched slots that have the desired impedance bandwidth, high gain in the desired bands, and mismatching in the undesirable bands. The proposed dual-band antenna that acts as a monopole-like antenna and it can be used for wireless communications

Purging of silence for robust speaker identification in colossal database

The aim of this work is to develop an effective speaker recognition system under noisy environments for large data sets. The important phases involved in typical identification systems are feature extraction, training and testing. During the feature extraction phase, the speaker-specific information is processed based on the characteristics of the voice signal. Effective methods have been proposed for the silence removal in order to achieve accurate recognition under noisy environments in this work. Pitch and Pitch-strength parameters are extracted as distinct features from the input speech spectrum. Multi-linear principle component analysis (MPCA) is is utilized to minimize the complexity of the parameter matrix. Silence removal using zero crossing rate (ZCR) and endpoint detection algorithm (EDA) methods are applied on the source utterance during the feature extraction phase. These features are useful in later classification phase, where the identification is made on the basis of support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Forward loking schostic (FOLOS) is the efficient large-scale SVM algorithm that has been employed for the effective classification among speakers. The evaluation findings indicate that the methods suggested increase the performance for large amounts of data in noise ecosystems

PV Active Power Filter Combination Supplies Power To Non Linear Load

These days the photovoltaic (PV) era is progressively step by step, while the normal loads require all the more high-control quality. Essentially, one PV generator providing to nonlinear loads is wanted to be coordinated with a capacity as a dynamic power channel (APF). In this paper, a three-stage three-wire framework, including a nitty gritty PV generator, dc/dc support converter to separate greatest radiation control utilizing most extreme power point following, and dc/air conditioning voltage source converter to go about as an APF, is displayed. The momentary power hypothesis is connected to outline the PV-APF controller, which indicates solid exhibitions. In this venture Fuzzy controller is actualized keeping in mind the end goal to diminish the aggregate consonant twisting. The MATLAB/Simpower Systems device has demonstrated that the consolidated framework can at the same time infuse greatest power from a PV unit and remunerate the symphonious current drawn by nonlinear loads

INFLUENCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON GROWTH, DON AND NIV PRODUCTION BY TWO SPECIES OF FUSARIUM ISOLATED FROM FINGER MILLETS

Objective: Influence of different carbon [C] and nitrogen [N] source on the growth and Deoxynivalenol [DON] and Nivalenol [NIV] production by Fusarium aethiopicum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated.Methods: Seven days old monosporic cultures of F. aethiopicum strain GSKUMB [KJ21085] and F. culmorum strain GSKUMB [KJ190159] were grown in CYA broth and incubated at 27±2°C on the rotary shaker at 120 rpm for 21 days. At the end of incubation period, cultures were harvested for determination of fungal growth (biomass). The resultant culture filtrates were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and concentrated. One ml of final concentrate in methanol was employed for detection of DON and NIV with the help of RP-HPLC.Results: The highest amount of DON and NIV were produced by F. aethiopicum in the presence of D-mannose and D-galactose as C source, while the highest amount of biomass was recorded on maltose and succinic acid. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxins in the presence of D-glucose, D-mannitol and D-fructose. Sodium nitrate was most favorable nitrogen source as it induced maximum amount of toxins by F. aethiopicum, while L-methionine, L-asparatic acid and L-tryptophan were next preferred N source. In contrast, highest biomass of fungus was obtained with L-lysine, L-glutamine and L-tyrosine. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxin and biomass with potassium nitrate and L-tyrosine respectively.Conclusion: Present species of Fusarium differed varied both in toxins (DON, and NIV) and biomass production. Their response of fungi under investigation towards C and N sources is also varied.Â

A review on study of Electrokinetic stabilization of expansive soil

Needless to elaborate the harmful effects of the Expansive soil on the light-weight structures, as it is a very common problem faced by the Structural and Geotechnical engineers all over the world. In INDIA, the site having BlackCotton soil force the local engineers to think differently in order to find a way which can improve the ground condition very efficiently. One solution, which is not used worldwide, is the Electrokinetic Treatment which uses the principle of Electroosmosis, Electromigration and Electrocementation, and has been proved the best for fine grained soil. Till now, inadequate studies have been done to prove its efficiency in using it for the expansive soil. Apparently, there may be some reasons why the researchers don't consider this technique useful in such soils. This paper includes the whole and sole of this treatment reckoned from the past studies and its scope in implementation with Expansive soils. Experimental study, both in field and laboratory, followed by its analysis using available software packages, is required to decide the factors of this treatment influencing expansive soil