PARTIALLY-AVERAGED NAVIER- STOKES SIMULATIONS IN ENGINEERING FLOWS

This paper presents the most recent applications of the Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for engineering flows together with the review of the previous work in the field. Partially-Averaged Navier\ua0Stokes (PANS) simulation has been successfully used for several different applications of flows around\ua0ground vehicles. Examples of flows studied using PANS are that of the flow around square-back Ahmed body, flow around simplified passenger vehicle influenced by crosswinds, flow around simplified intercity trains, to the influence of passive and active flow control on the reduction of the aerodynamic drag on simplified vehicles. The idea of the application of hybrid methods such as PANS is to decrease the resolution requirements that are needed in turbulence resolving simulations such as LES. The resolution requirements of LES are normally very high in the near-wall regions, and this is where the PANS method is expected to activate more turbulence modelling, and thereby decrease the computational effort. The PANS method used by the authors is based on the variable switching coefficient that regulates the amount of the turbulence\ua0 modelling in the simulation. Previous studies have shown that such implementation of PANS is in line with the requirements that PANS should adapt to the computational grid. The most recent predictions range from simplified ground vehicle flow, flow around a freight train locomotive to the investigation of active flow control for trucks and ships. The new predictions show good agreement with the experimental observations

Extension of the crRNA enhances Cpf1 gene editing in vitro and in vivo.

Engineering of the Cpf1 crRNA has the potential to enhance its gene editing efficiency and non-viral delivery to cells. Here, we demonstrate that extending the length of its crRNA at the 5 end can enhance the gene editing efficiency of Cpf1 both in cells and in vivo. Extending the 5 end of the crRNA enhances the gene editing efficiency of the Cpf1 RNP to induce non-homologous end-joining and homology-directed repair using electroporation in cells. Additionally, chemical modifications on the extended 5 end of the crRNA result in enhanced serum stability. Also, extending the 5 end of the crRNA by 59 nucleotides increases the delivery efficiency of Cpf1 RNP in cells and in vivo cationic delivery vehicles including polymer nanoparticle. Thus, 5 extension and chemical modification of the Cpf1 crRNA is an effective method for enhancing the gene editing efficiency of Cpf1 and its delivery in vivo

Efficacy and safety of SilverNovaTM skin cream in post-aesthetic skin procedures

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SilverNovaTM skin cream composed of SilverSol® (a patented colloidal nano silver technology from American Biotech Labs, USA) with other skin rejuvenators (coconut oil, vitamin E, and hyaluronic acid), in post-aesthetic skin procedure subjects. Methods: In this prospective, interventional, open-label, multicentric study, subjects who undergone post aesthetic procedures were enrolled to receive the application of SilverNovaTM skin cream twice daily. The subjects received the topical application for seven days, after which they were followed up for the next seven days.  Endpoints were assessed at baseline and the end of the treatment (EOT). Primary endpoints were the investigator-assessed erythema, edema, dryness/scaling score, and the subject-assessed product tolerability in terms of burning, stinging, itching, and dryness/tightness. Results: A total of 60 subjects completed the study. There was a significant improvement in erythema, edema, and dryness/scaling score (p<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in burning, itching, and dryness/tightness scores. The physician global improvement assessment scale score was reduced from 3.3 to 1.38 (p<0.0001), showing the resolution of the symptom severity post-treatment with SilverNovaTM skin cream. Colorimetric characterization showed significant improvement in values at the end of the study, reflecting the improvement in skin color and erythema reduction. No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusions: The application of SilverNovaTM cream in the immediate post procedure period significantly reduced the downtime of the treatment and improved patient acceptance of the treatment. This indicates that SilverNovaTM skin cream is a promising therapeutic option for managing the complications associated with aesthetic skin procedures without any safety concerns

End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding using RNN-Transducer ASR

We propose an end-to-end trained spoken language understanding (SLU) system that extracts transcripts, intents and slots from an input speech utterance. It consists of a streaming recurrent neural network transducer (RNNT) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) model connected to a neural natural language understanding (NLU) model through a neural interface. This interface allows for end-to-end training using multi-task RNNT and NLU losses. Additionally, we introduce semantic sequence loss training for the joint RNNT-NLU system that allows direct optimization of non-differentiable SLU metrics. This end-to-end SLU model paradigm can leverage state-of-the-art advancements and pretrained models in both ASR and NLU research communities, outperforming recently proposed direct speech-to-semantics models, and conventional pipelined ASR and NLU systems. We show that this method improves both ASR and NLU metrics on both public SLU datasets and large proprietary datasets

BI-STABLE STATES IN THE WAKE OF A SIMPLIFIED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (GTS) MODEL

Recent experimental investigations of [1] in thewake of a Ground Transportation System (GTS)model has shown that the near wake topology isinvariant over a large range of Reynolds numbers.A large eddy simulation (LES) is thus undertakento investigate the flow topology in the near wake.In the vertical midplane behind the model, a flowstate which is anti-symmetric to that reportedin [1] is observed here, confirming the possibilityof occurrence of bi-stable flow. Interestingly, theflow topology remains invariant to any increase inthe gap height from the standard case, indicatingthat the underbody flow does not influence the bistablebehaviour. Furthermore, the flow was alsofound to be insensitive to the incoming flow at asmall yaw angle