Scalable Knowledge Graph Construction and Inference on Human Genome Variants

Real-world knowledge can be represented as a graph consisting of entities and relationships between the entities. The need for efficient and scalable solutions arises when dealing with vast genomic data, like RNA-sequencing. Knowledge graphs offer a powerful approach for various tasks in such large-scale genomic data, such as analysis and inference. In this work, variant-level information extracted from the RNA-sequences of vaccine-na\"ive COVID-19 patients have been represented as a unified, large knowledge graph. Variant call format (VCF) files containing the variant-level information were annotated to include further information for each variant. The data records in the annotated files were then converted to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples. Each VCF file obtained had an associated CADD scores file that contained the raw and Phred-scaled scores for each variant. An ontology was defined for the VCF and CADD scores files. Using this ontology and the extracted information, a large, scalable knowledge graph was created. Available graph storage was then leveraged to query and create datasets for further downstream tasks. We also present a case study using the knowledge graph and perform a classification task using graph machine learning. We also draw comparisons between different Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for the case study

The seed and agricultural biotechnology industries in India: An analysis of industry structure, competition, and policy options

Since the late 1980s, technological advances and policy reforms have opened up new opportunities for growth in India's seed and agricultural biotechnology industries. The impacts of such changes have been significant in India's cotton sector, but less so for the country's main cereal crops, where both yield and output growth rates have been relatively stagnant. Some public policymakers and corporate decisionmakers are confident that the private sector will help reverse these trends, arguing that the right combination of new technological solutions and progressive policy reforms will unleash a significant increase in private investment in productivity-enhancing products and services. The structure of India's seed and agbiotech industries, as well as the policies designed to support their growth, will be a significant determinant of this expected impact. This paper examines the structure of India's cereal seed and agbiotech industries, its potential effects on innovation and social welfare, and the policies that may improve both industry performance and the delivery of new technologies to resource-poor, small-scale farmers in India's cereal production systems. We focus our analysis on indicators and scenarios within India's agricultural innovation market for improved seed and agricultural biotechnology products. This market includes firms engaged in the development, commercialization, and marketing of new seed-based technologies; it is characterized by a high level of knowledge intensity, relatively high levels of R&D investment, significant barriers to entry, significant levels of regulation, and relatively few products in the market. And it is within this market that factors such as strategic corporate behavior and public policy can affect the balance between a socially desirable rate of innovation, on the one hand, and a socially desirable distribution of the gains from innovation among consumers, farmers, and innovators, on the other hand.Seed markets, Agricultural biotechnology, industrial organization, Cereal crops,

Prevalence & risk factors for soil transmitted helminth infection among school children in south India

Background & objectives: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, affecting the physical growth and cognitive development in schoolage children. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of STH infection among school children aged 6-14 yr in Vellore and Thiruvanamalai districts in south India. Methods: Children aged 6-14 yr, going to government and government aided schools (n=33, randomly selected) in Vellore and Thiruvanamalai districts were screened to estimate the prevalence of STH, and a case control study was done on a subset to assess the risk factors for the infection. Results: The prevalence of STH was 7.8 per cent, varying widely in schools from 0 to 20.4 per cent, in 3706 screened children. Hookworm (8.4%) rates were high in rural areas, while Ascaris (3.3%) and Trichuris (2.2%) were more prevalent among urban children. Consumption of deworming tablets (OR=0.25, P<0.01) offered protection, while residing in a field hut (OR=6.73, P=0.02) and unhygienic practices like open air defaecation (OR=5.37, P<0.01), keeping untrimmed nails (OR=2.53, P=0.01) or eating food fallen on the ground (OR=2.52, P=0.01) were important risk factors for STH infection. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study indicated that school children with specific risk factors in the studied area were vulnerable subpopulation with elevated risk of STH infection. Identifying risk factors and dynamics of transmission in vulnerable groups can help to plan for effective prevention strategies

Ovarian serous carcinoma presenting with various histological morphology metastatic to the stomach : a case series

Introduction: Ovarian serous carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of all female malignancies with a high death-to-incidence ratio. A 15-20% survival rate makes understanding the histological patterns important for improving diagnostic timing in patients with ovarian serous carcinoma. Methods: This three-person case series, diagnosed between August 2011 to August 2013, includes analysis of ovarian serous carcinoma variant type, time from diagnosis of primary ovarian serous carcinoma to detection of gastric metastasis, histological grade, and presence of lymphovascular invasion. Results: Three patients with primary ovarian serous carcinoma with metastasis to stomach were observed. All patients were Caucasian. The mean age and time of diagnosis of metastatic gastric serous carcinoma was 68.6 years and 3 months, respectively. All patients underwent salpingo-oophorectomy following diagnosis of the primary tumor. Two patients were diagnosed with metastasis to stomach at time of initial diagnosis of the primary ovarian serous carcinoma. Remarkably, everyone had different histological types of ovarian serous carcinoma: papillary with clear cell features, clear cell serous, and high-grade serous, as shown in the figure. The two cases that presented with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis had a histological grade of poorly differentiated G3 with lymphovascular invasion present. Conclusion: Gastric metastasis in patients with serous carcinoma appears to present with varying histological morphology and can present at initial time of diagnosis of the primary. Most patients show concomitant tumor spread to other organs with poor outcomes. The varying histological morphology and poor prognosis is imperative when pathologists have a high clinical suspicion for metastatic serous carcinoma

RTL Implementation of image compression techniques in WSN

The Wireless sensor networks have limitations regarding data redundancy, power and require high bandwidth when used for multimedia data. Image compression methods overcome these problems. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method is useful in approximating high dimensional data where the data has non-negative components. Another method of the NMF called (PNMF) Projective Nonnegative Matrix Factorization is used for learning spatially localized visual patterns. Simulation results show the comparison between SVD, NMF, PNMF compression schemes. Compressed images are transmitted from base station to cluster head node and received from ordinary nodes. The station takes on the image restoration. Image quality, compression ratio, signal to noise ratio and energy consumption are the essential metrics measured for compression performance. In this paper, the compression methods are designed using Matlab.The parameters like PSNR, the total node energy consumption are calculated. RTL schematic of NMF SVD, PNMF methods is generated by using Verilog HDL

Study of etiological patterns and various clinical presentations of anemia in children aged 6 months to 5 years admitted in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Nutritional anemia (NA) is the commonest cause of anemia in children. Iron deficiency is the most important contributing factor to nutritional anemia. Severe iron deficiency is associated with impaired brain development along with cognitive, behavioural, and psychomotor manifestations, particularly during the first two years. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and etiological profile of anemia in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Material and methods: Hospital-based observational study conducted on children between 6 months to 5 years of age, admitted to Government General Hospital, Srikakulam and having anemia according to WHO classification. Results: Of the 157 children diagnosed with anemia over 18 months period, iron deficiency anemia is the commonest cause of anemia, seen in 107 children followed by sickle cell anemia seen in 21 children. Out of the sampled children, 154 children recovered, and 3 children succumbed to death. Conclusion: Nutritional anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in 6 months to 5 years-old children. Co-morbidities like malnutrition, parasitic infestations, diarrheal diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections form a vicious cycle and result in nutritional anemia. Identifying the factors that are leading to iron deficiency anemia and implementing the control measures like early iron supplementation results in reducing morbidity and mortality

Survey paper comparing ECC with RSA, AES and Blowfish Algorithms

Data Security is primary concern for every communication system. There exist many frauds in real time through online in each and every aspect, in order to overcome those frauds which means to keep one?s images and personal information secure, there should be some security algorithms which helps in reducing the frauds. In general, there are many encryption algorithms that can be used to reduce the real time frauds. These encryption algorithms can be classified into two types. One is symmetric encryption and the other one is asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption algorithms are used earlier for the purpose of providing security such as AES and Blowfish algorithms. In AES algorithm, the processing time is more and requires more rounds of communication when compared to the remaining algorithms and it is not highly secured. In case of blow fish algorithm, uses a lot of memory and has a relatively long key setup time and it was only designed for software. In order to provide more security the asymmetric algorithms are used such as RSA algorithm and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm. When compared to ECC, RSA algorithms is little slow and uses larger key or message in size. So, now the most efficient ECC algorithm came into the picture in order to provide high security over the existing credit frauds. This proves the efficiency and the less memory usage after the implementation of elliptic curve cryptography

High-Risk Microgranular Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with a Five-Way Complex Translocation Involving PML-RARA

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is classically characterized by chromosomal translocation (15;17), resulting in the PML-RARA fusion protein leading to disease. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with signs and symptoms of acute leukemia with concern for APL. Therapy was immediately initiated with all-trans retinoic acid. The morphology of his leukemic blasts was consistent with the hypogranular variant of APL. Subsequent FISH and cytogenetic analysis revealed a unique translocation involving five chromosomal regions: 9q34, 17q21, 15q24, 12q13, and 15q26.1. Molecular testing demonstrated PML/RARA fusion transcripts. Treatment with conventional chemotherapy was added and he went into a complete remission. Given his elevated white blood cell count at presentation, intrathecal chemotherapy for central nervous system prophylaxis was also given. The patient remains on maintenance therapy and remains in remission. This is the first such report of a 5-way chromosomal translocation leading to APL. Similar to APL with chromosomal translocations other than classical t(15;17) which result in the typical PML-RARA fusion, our patient responded promptly to an ATRA-containing regimen and remains in complete remission

Comparison of the Adherence to the American Diabetes Association Guidelines of Diabetes Care in Primary Care and Subspecialty Clinics

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence based guidelines have been proposed to reduce the micro and macrovascular complications, but studies have shown that these goals are not being met. We sought to compare the adherence to the American Diabetes Association guidelines for measurement and control of glycohemoglobin (A1c), blood pressure (BP), lipids (LDL) and microalbuminuria (MA) by subspecialty and primary care clinics in an academic medical center. Methods 390 random charts of patients with diabetes from Family Practice (FP), Internal Medicine (IM) and Diabetes (DM) clinics at Michigan State University were reviewed. Results We reviewed 131, 134 and 125 charts from the FP, IM and DM clinics, respectively. DM clinic had a higher percentage of patients with type 1 diabetes 43/125 (34.4%) compared with 7/131 (5.3%) in FP and 7/134 (5.2%) in IM clinics. A1c was measured in 99%, 97.8% and 100% subjects in FP, IM and DM clinics respectively. B.P. was measured in all subjects in all three clinics. Lipids were checked in 97.7%, 95.5% and 92% patients in FP, IM and DM clinics respectively. MA was measured at least once during the year preceding the office visit in 85.5%, 82.8% and 76.8% patients in FP, IM and DM clinics respectively. A1C was controlled (<7%) in 38.9, 43.3, 28.8% of patients in the FP, IM and DM clinics, respectively (p = 0.034). LDL was controlled (<100 mg/dl or 2.586 mmol/l) in 71.8, 64.9, 64% of patients in the FP, IM and DM clinics, respectively. MA was controlled (<30 mg/gm creatinine) in 60.3%, 51.5% and 60% patients in FP, IM and DM clinics respectively (P = 0.032). BP was controlled (<130/80) in 59.5, 67.2 and 52.8% patients in the FP, IM and DM clinics, respectively. Conclusion Testing rates for A1C, LDL, and MA were high, in both subspecialty and primary care clinics. However, the degree of control was not optimal. Significantly fewer patients in the DM clinic had A1c <7%, the cause of which may be multifactorial.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111055/1/40200_2015_Article_158.pd

Design Development and Analysis Of Two Wheeler Eco Friendly Plastic Carburetor With Rapid Prototyping

The design development and analysis of carburetor has been carry out by applying structural and thermal loads. The present work particularly deals with the drafting and designing of carburetor using plastic materials which can be manufactured with rapid prototyping to increase mass production. My main aim is to prevent the component from getting corroded or undergoing corrosion. Replacing metal components with plastic ones can offer some important bondage. Unlike metals, plastic materials can be modified to better suit. And also manufactured by using RP technique the life of the product increases of course when fuel injectors are replaced it as the main fuel input system, it had evolve into a complicated, sophisticated, expensive system. Carburetors are still found on automobiles, many small engines like those on lawn movers and model airplanes still use carburetors. It is to keep the cost of the engine down and it is very cheap to manufacture while fuel injectors requires more costly control systems