19 research outputs found
Taxocenotic and Biocenotic Study of Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) in Rucamanque: A Forest Remnant in the Central Valley of the AraucanÃa Region, Chile
Considering that butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) are sensitive to physical and climatic changes, e.g. of temperature, humidity and solar radiation, produced by disturbances in their habitat, a survey of this group was carried out in a small remnant of native forest (Rucamanque) in the central valley of the AraucanÃa Region of Chile. The object was to record the composition, abundance and diversity of Rhopalocera in grassland, forest and the ecotone between them during spring and summer. The study recorded 1190 individual butterflies belonging to 25 species, 18 genera, 8 sub-families and 4 families. The highest values of species richness and abundance were obtained in the summer, of 25 species and 953 individuals; in the spring, 9 species were recorded with a total of 237 individuals. The greatest diversity and homogeneity were found in the ecotone habitat (H′=3.86; J′=0.88; λ =0.08); the values for grassland were (H′=2.73; J′=0.67; λ =0.23) and for forest (H′=2.55; J′=0.71; λ =0.23); these environments being less diverse and more homogeneous. The greatest taxocenotic similarity was found between grassland and the ecotone (54%), and the least similarity appeared between the ecotone and forest (34%). The greatest biocenotic similarity was found between the ecotone and forest (48%), and the lowest correspondence was between grassland and forest (4.18%)
Dung Beetles of Chile, with Emphasis in La Araucania Region
Dung beetles are insects that provide a large-scale ecosystem service worldwide through their role in the decomposition of manure from livestock, thereby providing a series of environmental services, such as nutrients recycling, control of internal parasites of livestock whose eggs are in the feces, soil aeration, spreading of seeds and maintenance of ecological balance. Dung beetles are broadly classified according to their nesting behavior in three categories as telecoprids, paracoprids and endocoprids. Telecoprids are the rollers that make balls from feces and roll them into the ground; paracoprids are the tunnellers that bury the dung balls at different depths, forming galleries in the ground below or next to the food source and endocoprids, who are the dwellers that raise their larvae inside feces. There are 10 native species of dung beetles recorded in Chile, apart from 10 species of Aphodiinae, plus two introduced species, such as Onitis vanderkelleni and Onthophagus gazella. Dung beetles species were prospected in La Araucania Region and registered Homocopris torulosus, Frickius variolosus, Podotenus fulviventris and Aphodius pseudolividus. We found that species from genus Homocopris, Podotenus and Aphodius were distributed from 0 to 2000Â m above sea level, while F. variolosus was distributed over an altitude of 350Â m
Estudio del comportamiento de Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleóptera: Dermestidae) en diapausa debida a la ausencia de alimento
Prospección de especies de Trogoderma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) mediante trampas de feromonas en Madrid, segundo año de observaciones
Prospección de Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) mediante trampas de feromonas en Madrid
Comparison of relative abundance and diversity of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), under two production systems in the La AraucanÃa Region, Chile
Coccinellids have been used, throughout the world, in biological control programs of agriculture pests. In Chile this family has been studied by various authors, which addresses issues such as biology, predatory activity and distribution in herbaceous species, shrubs and trees, but their situation in blueberries, where there is an abundance of species, is unknown Coccinellid beetles were counted visually on two blueberry orchards, under organic and conventional management. This study was conducted at the Maquehue Experiment Station, in the central valley of "La AraucanÃa Región" in southern Chile, from September 2007 through May 2008 and was divided into two periods: from September 2007 through February 2008 with visual counts only on the foliage of the plants, and from March through May 2008 counts were done on the foliage and on of the plant in the soil around the plants. The greatest number of species was recorded in the organic garden in both sampling periods, but species diversity was the same for both production systems. Specify results better.En todo el mundo, los coccinélidos se han utilizado en programas de control biológico de plagas agrÃcolas. En Chile esta familia ha sido estudiada por diversos autores, que tratan aspectos de biologÃa, actividad depredadora y distribución de las especies en substratos herbáceos, arbustivos y arbóreos, pero en arándano se desconoce la diversidad y abundancia de especies de esta familia. Se hizo un estudio mediante recuentos visuales en la Estación Experimental Maquehue de la Universidad de La Frontera, en la región de La AraucanÃa de los coccinélidos presentes en dos huertos de arándano, uno bajo manejo orgánico y otro bajo manejo convencional, desde septiembre de 2007 a mayo de 2008, dividido en dos periodos, de septiembre de 2007 a febrero de 2008, con recuentos sólo en el follaje de las plantas, y de marzo a mayo de 2008 tanto en el follaje como en el suelo alrededor de ellas. La mayor cantidad de especies se contabilizó en el huerto orgánico, en ambos perÃodos de muestreo, y la diversidad fue la misma para ambos huertos
Predatory capacity of Adalia angulifera (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae on Myzocallis coryli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Chile
In La AraucanÃa, the filbert aphid Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) is a pest that can cause various types of damage to hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) including reduction in nut size and nut emptiness. M. coryli can also leave hazel leaves susceptible to the fungus known as fumagina (Capnodium sp.), which causes decreased photosynthesis, particularly during the period when the tree is storing reserves for the following season. Knowledge about the natural enemies of M. coryli in Chile is in its early stages compared with other countries where the hazelnut crop is more extensive. Indeed, only 13 entomophagous predators have been recorded in La AraucanÃa thus far, including one Hemerobiidae, one Syrphidae, one Cecidomyiidae and ten Coccinellidae. Of this last family, Adalia is the best represented genus, with three species. In this study, the life cycle of the Adalia angulifera Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been ascertained. M. coryli as its food, and the ability of the larvae to prey on the same aphid is presented here. This study took place under semi-controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions in the Region of the AraucanÃa, Chile. This study showed that the average predatory capacity of the A. angulifera larvae was 127.60± 33.21 specimens of M. coryli. For each larval instar (L), it was determined that the daily average prey was 6.8 ± 2.45 aphids for L I; 14.64 ± 5.77 aphids for L II; 42.72 ± 17.12 aphids for L III and 63.44 ± 26.21 aphids for L IV.En La AraucanÃa, el pulgón del avellano europeo, Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) es un áfido que puede ocasionar diversos daños al cultivo de Corylus avellana L., como reducción del tamaño de nuez, nueces vanas o favorecer en las hojas la aparición del hongo conocido como fumagina, Capnodium sp., el cual reduce la fotosÃntesis, especialmente durante el periodo de acumulación de reservas del árbol para la temporada siguiente. El conocimiento sobre enemigos naturales de M. coryli en Chile es incipiente, comparado con otros paÃses donde el cultivo del avellano europeo es extensivo; en efecto, para La AraucanÃa sólo se registran 13 entomófagos depredadores que corresponden a un Hemerobiidae, un Syrphidae, un Cecydomyiidae y diez Coccinellidae. De esta última familia, Adalia es el género más representado con tres especies. De Adalia angulifera Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) se ha dado a conocer su ciclo vital, con M. coryli como alimento y en esta ocasión se presenta la capacidad de depredación del estado larvario sobre el mismo áfido. El estudio se efectuó bajo condiciones semi controladas de laboratorio e invernadero en la Región de La AraucanÃa, Chile. Como resultado de este estudio se determinó que la capacidad de depredación del estado larvario de A. angulifera fue 127,60 ± 33,21 ejemplares de M. coryli para un periodo de 37,39 ±1,55 dÃas; a su vez, para cada estadio larvario (L) se determinó que el promedio diario depredado fue para L I 6,8 ± 2,45 áfidos; L II 14,64 ± 5,77 áfidos; L III 42,72 ± 17, 12 áfidos y L IV 63,44 ± 26,21 áfidos
Ciclo vital de Adalia angulifera Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sobre el pulgón del avellano europeo Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
Adalia angulifera Mulsant es un coccinélido depredador habitual del pulgón Myzocallis coryli (Goeze), que es especÃfico del avellano europeo, Corylus avellana L., en La AraucanÃa, Chile. El ciclo vital se estudió en el Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Temuco, Chile (38º41¿ lat. Sur; 72º25¿ long. Oeste; 200 msnm). Coccinélidos y áfidos fueron criados en laboratorio a 19,23 ± 2,71ºC; 60,78 ± 3,34% de humedad relativa y fotoperÃodo variable de 14 a 16 h de luz natural, desde octubre a noviembre. En estas condiciones, el ciclo vital de A. angulifera se cumplió en 37,39 ±1,55 dÃas con un rango entre 24 y 59 dÃas. El huevo representó un 18% del ciclo, la larva un 58,3% y la pupa el 23,7%. También el estado larvario presentó tres, cuatro y cinco estadios, siendo el estado larvario con cuatro estadios el más común. Las larvas con tres y cinco estadios tuvieron un periodo de vida más largo. La longevidad del adulto fue de 71 ± 59,7 dÃas con un rango de 32 a 249 dÃas. La longevidad de la hembra fue de 72,25 ± 67,41 dÃas con un rango de 34 y 249 dÃas, y para el macho 67,67 ± 31,20 dÃas con rango de 32 y 108 dÃas. El estudio concluye que A. angulifera en La AraucanÃa presenta tres generaciones, observándose al adulto en diapausa invernal , oculto bajo la corteza de árboles o en grietas de postes usados para cercos