8 research outputs found
Body Composition changes after Testosterone Replacement Therapy following Spinal Cord Injury and Aging:A Mini Review
Frequency of Dietary Recalls, Nutritional Assessment, and Body Composition Assessment in Men With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
To assess different frequencies of dietary recalls while evaluating caloric intake and the percentage of macronutrients in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine the relations between caloric intake or percentage of macronutrients and assessment of whole and regional body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal.
Laboratory and hospital.
Men with chronic (>1y postinjury) motor complete SCI (N=16).
Participants were asked to turn in a 5-day dietary recall on a weekly basis for 4 weeks. The averages of 5-, 3-, and 1-day dietary recalls for caloric intake and percentage of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) were calculated. Body composition was evaluated using whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. After overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR) was evaluated using indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated.
Caloric intake, percentage of macronutrients, BMR, and body composition.
Caloric intake and percentage of macronutrients were not different after using 5-, 3-, and 1-day dietary recalls (P>.05). Caloric intake was significantly lower than TEE (P<.05). The percentage of fat accounted for 29% to 34% of the whole and regional body fat mass (P=.037 and P=.022). The percentage of carbohydrates was positively related to the percentage of whole-body lean mass (r=.54; P=.037) and negatively related to the percentage of fat mass.
The frequency of dietary recalls does not vary while evaluating caloric intake and macronutrients. Total caloric intake was significantly lower than the measured BMR and TEE. Percentages of dietary fat and carbohydrates are related to changes in body composition after SCI
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Low-Dose Testosterone and Evoked Resistance Exercise after Spinal Cord Injury on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial
The purpose of the work is to investigate the effects of low-dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition and metabolic variables after spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-two individuals with chronic motor complete SCI (ages 18–50 years) were randomly assigned to either TRT+RT (
n
 = 11) or TRT (
n
 = 11) for 16 weeks following a 4 -week delayed entry period. TRT+RT men underwent twice weekly progressive RT using electrical stimulation with ankle weights. TRT was administered via testosterone patches (2–6 mg/day). Body composition was tested using anthropometrics, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. After an overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR), lipid panel, serum testosterone, adiponectin, inflammatory and anabolic biomarkers (insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [IGFBP-3]), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and insulin sensitivity (Si) were measured. Total body lean mass (LM; 2.7 kg,
p
 < 0.0001), whole muscle (
p
 < 0.0001), and whole muscle knee extensor cross-sectional areas (CSAs;
p
 < 0.0001) increased in the TRT+RT group, with no changes in the TRT group. Visceral adiposity decreased (
p
 = 0.049) in the TRT group, with a trend in the TRT+RT (
p
 = 0.07) group. There was a trend (
p
 = 0.050) of a 14–17% increase in BMR following TRT+RT. Sg showed a trend (
p
 = 0.07) to improvement by 28.5–31.5% following both interventions. IGFBP-3 increased (
p
 = 0.0001) while IL-6 decreased (
p
 = 0.039) following both interventions, and TRT+RT suppressed adiponectin (
p
 = 0.024). TRT+RT resulted in an increase in LM and whole thigh and knee extensor muscle CSAs, with an increase in BMR and suppressed adiponectin. Low-dose TRT may mediate modest effects on visceral adipose tissue, Sg, IGFBP-3, and IL-6, independent of changes in LM