Structural, Microstructural and Electrical Properties of Lanthanum (La+3)-Modified Lead Iron Niobate Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3

Lanthanum-modified Lead iron niobate ceramic oxides having chemical formula Pb(1-x)Lax(Fe0.5Nb0.5)(1-x/4)O3 (x=0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) have been prepared using traditional solid state reaction route. Preliminary structural, microstructural and electrical studies were carried out by the powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and complex impedance spectroscopic technique in awide experimental conditions. The x-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of perovskite structures of the newly modified ceramics. The lattice parameters were calculated using standard IUCR software CHECKCELL. Crystallite sizes of the samples were calculated from Williamson-Hall method. Microstructure/morphology of the materials was analyzed from SEM images. Dieletric and impedance spectroscopic studies of the materials were carried out as a function of temperature for a wide range of frequencies. The pure PFN ceramic oxide shows the phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric state around 1150C. There is a notable decrease in the transition temperature of La-PFN(x=0.02) ceramic and above 4% La concentration, the transition temperature falls below room temperature

Infrastructure development and economic growth in China

China is the fastest growing country in the world for last few decades and one of the defining features of China's growth has been investment-led growth. China's sustained high economic growth and increased competitiveness in manufacturing has been underpinned by a massive development of physical infrastructure. In this context, we investigate the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth in China for the period 1975 to 2007. Overall, the results reveal that infrastructure stock, labour force, public and private investments have played an important role in economic growth in China. More importantly, we find that Infrastructure development in China has significant positive contribution to growth than both private and public investment. Further, there is unidirectional causality from infrastructure development to output growth justifying China's high spending on infrastructure development since the early nineties. The experience from China suggests that it is necessary to design an economic policy that improves the physical infrastructure as well as human capital formation for sustainable economic growth in developing countries.China, Infrastructure, Economic development, Investments, China, Investment, L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities, H4 - Publicly provided goods, O1 - Economic development

ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC RHIZOME EXTRACT FROM AN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO GROWN PTERIDOPHYTE, DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA (LINN.) J SMITH

ABSTRACTObjective: Drynaria quercifolia (Linn.) J. Smith has been used in many herbal folklore medicines in Ganjam - Gajapati districts of Odisha state.Study pertains to its in vivo and in vitro antibacterial activities were undertaken to scientifically validate one of such therapeutic claim raised in theliteratures, foreseeing the vulnerable state of the species.Methods: Methanolic extract from both the in vivo grown plant and in vitro grown callus were prepared and tested for their antibacterial efficacyagainst a wide range of bacterial pathogens concerned. Both agar well diffusion and disk diffusion methods were followed for evaluation ofantibacterial activities. Development of callus was done using modified MS media supplemented with 20/gl sucrose and varied concentrations ofauxins and cytokinins and the extract was prepared thereof. Antibacterial potency of both the extracts was measured in terms of zone of inhibitionand statistical analysis was performed using Graph pad prism 6 software.Results: Methanolic extracts from both in vivo and in vitro samples had broad spectrum antibacterial activity on series of bacteria; however, bacterialspecies like Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexinneri, Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to both the samples. Further, the in vitro sample showed ahigher degree of inhibition compared to the in vivo sample, was revealed.Conclusion: Study explored that the plant species is a potential source of antibacterial activity suggesting its in vitro culture for conservation and toobtain higher degree of antibacterial efficacy as well.Keywords: In vitro culture, Therapeutic claim, Folklore medicine, In situ/ex-situ conservation.INTRODUCTIO

AN INTRODUCTORY APPROACH TO PAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA WITH BRIEF HOLISTIC REVIEW

The whole world is fighting with pain whatever may be its source or origin. Pain is a protective body mechanism, which alerts the person about the harmful condition or experience that occurs in the body .In Ayurveda, Vata Dosha is the root cause of all types of pain (Shoola) - “Vatat rute Nasti Ruja” as mentioned by Acharya Sushruta. The concept of pain in Ayurveda is based on the fundamental theories of Tridoshas, Triguna, Srotas and Ojas, but it has also certain relations with the Karma of previous birth as depicted by Maharishi Charaka as “Karmaja Roga” . The Ayurvedic texts describes a wide range of pain; Shoola (piercing pain), being most prominent form, Dank (bursting), Vedana (unbearable sensation), Dagdha (burning pain), Chosa (sucking pain), Nirmathan (churning like), Shastraviddh (cutting like), Spandana (vibration) are some of other expressions. Associated Doshas with the Vata can alter the type and intensity of the pain as dull aching and from sharp neuralgic pain to burning pain in Kapha and Pitta associated Vata Dosha respectively. The hindrance in Vata Dosha flow leads to the pain. In modern medicine, Pain is the most common symptoms of inflammatory process, like wise use of NSAIDs is associated  with risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding, increase  in stomach acid, reduce the stomach normal protective mucus layer, cause damage to the kidneys in people over 60; those with high blood pressure, heart disease, or pre-existing kidney diseases. All Ayurvedic treatments and therapies involve bio purification of body channels as well as immune stabilization and management of psyche, strengthen and enhance the body own healing process and donot have adverse effects, if given in proper dose according to the fundamental principles of Ayurveda

కేజు పర్యావేక్షణ (Cage Monitoring)

Monitoring is an integral part of any type of mariculture activity. A well conceived and designed monitoring programme is needed to promote good growth of fishes and to obtained optimal production in sustainable manner from cages. The major factors responsible for success are to be taken care during the cage culture monitoring

Mitochondrial Handling of Excess Ca\u3csup\u3e2+\u3c/sup\u3e is Substrate-dependent with Implications for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cardiac ischemia. Several mechanisms modulate ROS production; one is mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Here we sought to elucidate the effects of extramitochondrial Ca2+ (e[Ca2+]) on ROS production (measured as H2O2 release) from complexes I and III. Mitochondria isolated from guinea pig hearts were preincubated with increasing concentrations of CaCl2 and then energized with the complex I substrate Na+ pyruvate or the complex II substrate Na+ succinate. Mitochondrial H2O2 release rates were assessed after giving either rotenone or antimycin A to inhibit complex I or III, respectively. After pyruvate, mitochondria maintained a fully polarized membrane potential (ΔΨ; assessed using rhodamine 123) and were able to generate NADH (assessed using autofluorescence) even with excess e[Ca2+] (assessed using CaGreen-5N), whereas they remained partially depolarized and did not generate NADH after succinate. This partial ΔΨ depolarization with succinate was accompanied by a large release in H2O2 (assessed using Amplex red/horseradish peroxidase) with later addition of antimycin A. In the presence of excess e[Ca2+], adding cyclosporin A to inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening restored ΔΨ and significantly decreased antimycin A-induced H2O2 release. Succinate accumulates during ischemia to become the major substrate utilized by cardiac mitochondria. The inability of mitochondria to maintain a fully polarized ΔΨ under excess e[Ca2+] when succinate, but not pyruvate, is the substrate may indicate a permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane, which enhances H2O2 emission from complex III during ischemia

The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Investment - Cash Flow Sensitivity: Does ESG Make Any Difference?

This paper investigates the impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity (ICFS). Further, this study examines whether ESG moderates the impact of such uncertainty on the ICFS of the manufacturing firms in India. The study has applied system-GMM regression with a sample of 222 firms from 2012 to 2022. It reveals that EPU dampens corporate investment and magnifies the role of cash flow in corporate investment. Further, firms\u27 Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance decelerates the adverse impact of EPU on ICFS and makes the investment-cash flow less sensitive. Furthermore, the study highlights that ESG helps to access external funds easily. Overall, this paper contributes new insights to the present literature, and the outcomes of this study are of greater interest to economists, firms, managers, and investors