Avaliação cefalométrica dos resultados do aparelho de protração mandibular (APM) associado ao aparelho fixo em relação às estruturas dentoalveolares e tegumentares em pacientes portadores de má oclusão de classe II, 1a. divisão

Objective: To perform a cephalometric evaluation of dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes in Brazilian youths with Class II, division 1 malocclusion, treated with a mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) combined with fixed corrective orthodontics. Methods: The sample consisted of 28 patients (16 females and 12 males) with a mean age of 13.06 years, treated for a mean period of 14.43 months. The changes were measured on 56 specific cephalometric analysis obtained from lateral cephalograms taken before and after treatment by two calibrated examiners in order to identify soft tissue and dentoalveolar changes using linear and angular cephalometric measures. The independent variables sex, age, facial pattern, MPA model, archwire, technique and treatment time were registered and analyzed using linear and angular cephalometric measures. Treatment responses were analyzed and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed dentoalveolar changes of great magnitude, which caused positive changes in soft tissue. It was also noted that the variables age, MPA model and technique influenced the treatment. Conclusions: MPA proved to be an effective alternative in the treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, inducing dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes with satisfactory clinical results

Prevalence and risk factors of anterior open bite in the complete deciduous dentition in pre-scholars children who live in the city of Natal/RN

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the anterior open bite in the complete deciduous dentition of pre-scholars children who live in the city of Natal/RN, and the association of this malocclusion to possible risk factors. METHODS: A transverse study was performed. Three hundred sixty six individuals, 5 years-old, with complete deciduous dentition were examined. Anterior open bite, the dependent variable, was classified into present or absent. A number of independent variables were collected through a closed and structured questionary. These were classified into socio-economic-demographic and extrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors were breast-feeding type, time of exclusive maternal breast-feeding, time of artificial breast-feeding, presence of habit and habit duration. The determination of presence of open bite and the facial pattern (extrinsic factor) was done through clinical exams. The association between the anterior open bite and the independent variables was analysed through chi-square tests with a significance value of 5%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Significant association was found between the economic class, family income and the presence of habits. The prevalence of the anterior open bite was 20.6%.OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência da mordida aberta anterior na dentadura decídua completa em crianças pré-escolares da cidade de Natal/RN e a associação desta a alguns fatores de risco. METODOLOGIA: este estudo caracterizou-se por ser do tipo transversal e utilizou como elementos amostrais 366 indivíduos na idade de 5 anos na fase de dentadura decídua completa. A mordida aberta anterior, variável dependente, foi categorizada em presente e ausente. No que se refere às variáveis independentes estas foram divididas em: socioeconômicodemográficas e fatores extrínsecos. Através de um questionário fechado e estruturado, foram obtidas informações a respeito das variáveis socioeconômicodemográficas e os seguintes fatores extrínsecos: tipo de aleitamento, tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo, tempo de aleitamento artificial, hábito e tempo de hábito. Através do exame clínico, foram obtidos os dados relativos ao padrão facial, considerado como fator extrínseco, e à variável dependente – mordida aberta anterior. A associação entre a mordida aberta anterior e as variáveis independentes foi obtida através do teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: verificou-se associação significante entre a classe econômica, renda e a presença de hábito. A prevalência da mordida aberta anterior foi de 20,6 % do total da amostra

The Silent Threat of Non-native Fish in the Amazon: ANNF Database and Review

Non-native fish (NNF) can threaten megadiverse aquatic ecosystems throughout the planet, but limited information is available for the Amazon Region. In this study we review NNF data in the Amazonian macroregion using spatiotemporal records on the occurrence and the richness of NNF from a collaborative network of 35 regional experts, establishing the Amazon NNF database (ANNF). The NNF species richness was analyzed by river basin and by country, as well as the policies for each geopolitical division for the Amazon. The analysis included six countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia), together comprising more than 80% of the Amazon Region. A total of 1314 NNF occurrence records were gathered. The first record of NNF in this region was in 1939 and there has been a marked increase in the last 20 years (2000–2020), during which 75% of the records were observed. The highest number of localities with NNF occurrence records was observed for Colombia, followed by Brazil and Bolivia. The NNF records include 9 orders, 17 families and 41 species. Most of the NNF species are also used in aquaculture (12 species) and in the aquarium trade (12 species). The most frequent NNF detected were Arapaima gigas, Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus. The current data highlight that there are few documented cases on NNF in the Amazon, their negative impacts and management strategies adopted. The occurrence of NNF in the Amazon Region represents a threat to native biodiversity that has been increasing “silently” due to the difficulties of large-scale sampling and low number of NNF species reported when compared to other South American regions. The adoption of effective management measures by decision-makers is urgently needed and their enforcement needed to change this alarming trend and help protect the Amazon’s native fish diversity.